美国新墨西哥州班德利尔岩浆系统最后一次形成火山口的喷发之前的一万年岩浆储存

IF 3.5 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Nicholas F Meszaros, James E Gardner, Matthew J Zimmerer, Kenneth S Befus
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要本研究为热梅兹火山场Bandelier岩浆系统1232 ka破火山口喷发前岩浆储存条件的变化提供了新的证据。利用高精度的40Ar/39Ar定年法,我们确定在形成山谷火山口的~ 400km3喷发的8.6±3.4 kyr内,至少有8个流纹岩喷发。这些流纹岩中有些含黑云母或不含黑云母,有些只含黑云母。1240.5±2.1 ka的含铁矾流纹岩喷发结束了至少100 kyr的喷发间歇。在火山活动的第一次间歇期之后,在形成火山口的喷发之前,至少又发生了四次含细纹岩的流纹岩喷发和三次含黑云母的流纹岩喷发。我们使用相平衡实验和地温压法来推断导致这些不同晶体产物的储存条件和过程,并最终产生了约400 km3的主要为费亚理流纹岩的点烟煤(Bandelier凝灰岩的Tshirege成员)。研究发现,含黑云母流纹岩在695 ~ 750℃、75 ~ 160 MPa、氧逸度比石英-费长石-磁铁矿(QFM)缓冲反应更具氧化性的条件下储存。含费亚尔石流纹岩在695 ~ 745℃、70 ~ 190 MPa条件下也有类似的储层,但其还原条件更强(${f}_{O_2}$≤QFM)。我们认为,还原的含费雅理流纹岩很可能是由贫晶流纹岩岩浆与还原的、可能含cl的、富h2o的超临界流体相相互作用而产生的。这一流体通量事件是大规模岩浆复兴的关键组成部分,不仅在Tshirege事件之前,而且在更老的Otowi事件之前,岩浆复兴使大约400 km3的大部分含费雅橄榄岩流纹岩被动员起来。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ten thousand years of magma storage preceding the last caldera-forming eruption of the Bandelier magmatic system, New Mexico, USA
Abstract In this study, we present new evidence for changes in magma storage conditions that preceded the 1232 ka caldera-forming eruption of the Bandelier magmatic system in the Jemez Mountains Volcanic Field. Using high precision 40Ar/39Ar sanidine dating we determine that at least eight rhyolites erupted within 8.6 ± 3.4 kyr of the ~400 km3 eruption that formed Valles caldera. Some of those rhyolites contain fayalite with or without biotite, others contain only biotite. An eruption of fayalite-bearing rhyolite at 1240.5 ± 2.1 ka ended an eruption hiatus of at least 100 kyr. Following that first post-hiatus episode of volcanism, at least four more eruptions of fayalite-bearing rhyolite and three eruptions of biotite-bearing rhyolite occurred prior to the caldera-forming eruption. We use phase equilibrium experiments and geothermobarometry to infer the storage conditions and processes that led to these differing crystal cargos and ultimately generated ~400 km3 of predominantly fayalite rhyolite ignimbrite (Tshirege Member of the Bandelier Tuff). We find that biotite-bearing rhyolites were stored at 695–750°C, 75–160 MPa, and at an oxygen fugacity more oxidizing than the quartz-fayalite-magnetite (QFM) buffer reaction. Fayalite-bearing rhyolites were similarly stored at 695–745°C and 70–190 MPa, but at more reducing conditions (${f}_{O_2}$≤ QFM). We suggest that the reduced, fayalite-bearing rhyolite was most likely produced via interaction of crystal-poor rhyolitic magma with a reducing, potentially Cl-bearing, and H2O-rich supercritical fluid phase. This fluid flux event was a key component of the substantial magmatic rejuvenation that enabled the mobilization of ~400 km3 of mostly fayalite-bearing rhyolite prior to not only the Tshirege event, but the older Otowi event as well.
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来源期刊
Journal of Petrology
Journal of Petrology 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
12.80%
发文量
117
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Petrology provides an international forum for the publication of high quality research in the broad field of igneous and metamorphic petrology and petrogenesis. Papers published cover a vast range of topics in areas such as major element, trace element and isotope geochemistry and geochronology applied to petrogenesis; experimental petrology; processes of magma generation, differentiation and emplacement; quantitative studies of rock-forming minerals and their paragenesis; regional studies of igneous and meta morphic rocks which contribute to the solution of fundamental petrological problems; theoretical modelling of petrogenetic processes.
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