铀矿废弃地的处置——以捷克共和国Rožná I矿为例

IF 2.2 4区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Acta Montanistica Slovaca Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI:10.46544/ams.v28i2.03

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引用次数: 0

摘要

在矿山已废弃的情况下，矿井工作口的闭合策略对于维持矿山的长期稳定具有重要意义。介绍了利用松散充填体封堵Rožná铀矿的工艺过程。在回填前，出于生态、技术或经济等方面的考虑，在地下进行准备工作至关重要。在采用松散充填体进行矿山回填前，通过计算确定回填量。采用钢筋混凝土闭合下沉平台，实现了矿井工作面的稳定。放弃程序是在捷克共和国的立法范围内制定的，以大不列颠国家煤炭局(NCB, 1982年)的手册为基础，并根据废弃矿井的经验逐步加以修正。捷克关于弃置地雷的立法非常先进，可用于修改外国立法。本文提出的基于第52(1997)号法令的弃井程序，辅以在下沉平台或回填前井壁检查等安全措施。该方法适用于无瓦斯、无煤尘等具有类似特殊条件的矿井。最后对不正确闭坑可能产生的风险进行了分析。

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Disposal of the Abandoned Mine Workings of Uranium Mines – Case Study of Rožná I Mine, Czech Republic

Having abandoned mine workings, the closure strategy of mine working openings is important in terms of maintaining long-term stability. The paper describes the process of closing the mine workings in the uranium deposit Rožná using unconsolidated backfill. Before backfilling, it is vital to carry out preparatory work underground for ecological, technological or economic reasons. The mine workings backfilling using unconsolidated backfill is preceded by calculations to determine the quantity of the backfill. The stability of the mine workings opening is achieved using a closing sinking platform made of reinforced concrete. The abandonment procedure is framed within the legislation of the Czech Republic, grounded in the handbook by the National Coal Board of Great Britain (NCB, 1982), and has been gradually amended according to the experience with disused mine workings. The Czech legislation dealing with mine abandonment is very advanced and may be applied to modify foreign legislation. The abandonment procedure based on Decree 52 (1997) proposed in this paper is complemented by safety features such as micropilots in the sinking platform or shaft lining check-up before the backfill. The proposed method is applicable in mines with analogous specific conditions, such as mines free of gas hazards and coal dust. The paper concludes with an analysis of risks likely to occur due to incorrect mine closures.

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来源期刊

Acta Montanistica Slovaca 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

12.50%

发文量

审稿时长

30 weeks

期刊介绍： Acta Montanistica Slovaca publishes high quality articles on basic and applied research in the following fields: geology and geological survey; mining; Earth resources; underground engineering and geotechnics; mining mechanization, mining transport, deep hole drilling; ecotechnology and mineralurgy; process control, automation and applied informatics in raw materials extraction, utilization and processing; other similar fields. Acta Montanistica Slovaca is the only scientific journal of this kind in Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe. The submitted manuscripts should contribute significantly to the international literature, even if the focus can be regional. Manuscripts should cite the extant and relevant international literature, should clearly state what the wider contribution is (e.g. a novel discovery, application of a new technique or methodology, application of an existing methodology to a new problem), and should discuss the importance of the work in the international context.