Potential of green manure in the phytoremediation of the herbicide indaziflam after different times of application

The identification of species that promote phytoremediation of herbicides is of great relevance to reduce the impact of these products on the environment. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of plant species in the phytoremediation of the indaziflam herbicide. The phytoremediation potential for indaziflam of 15 species of green manure was evaluated at different sowing times of the Phaseolus vulgaris (bioindicator), after the herbicide application. P. vulgaris was sown after the removal of the aerial part of the selected green manure. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, and each green manure species was evaluated separately in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a 3 x 5 factorial layout, consisting of three doses of indaziflam (0, 75 and 100g a.i. ha-¹) and five sowing times (5, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after the herbicide application). According to the phytotoxicity and biometric evaluations of green manure, the potential species for the phytoremediation of the indaziflam were selected. The results showed that, apart from the species Lupinus albus, Canavalis ensiformis and Mucuna cinerea, the other green manure evaluated were highly susceptible to the herbicide indaziflam. However, although these potential species presented less control by indaziflam, none of them were effective in their soil phytoremediation. The bioindicator showed high phytotoxicity and reduction of dry mass due to the herbicide, regardless of the green manure sowing season on both doses of indaziflam. As a phytoremediator, none of the green manure species were effective for indaziflam even after 120 days of the herbicide application.