Feng WANG , Jing ZHANG , Yanqiong ZENG , Honghui WANG , Xiyu ZHAO , Yilin CHEN , Huanhuan DENG , Liyun GE , Randy A. DAHLGREN , Hui GAO , Zheng CHEN
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Thus, As availability was correspondingly attenuated due to the improved production of less mobile and toxic As(V). After 2-d incubation, more than 90% and 98% of soluble As(III) were immobilized in the As + NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N and As + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N treatments, respectively. Following nitrate depletion (after 2 d), microbial As(V) and Fe(III) reductions were gradually enhanced, which was attributed to stimulation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) coupled to Fe(III) reduction, known as Feammox, by the abundance of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>. By the end of the incubation period (10 d), the As + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N treatment led to higher As immobilization of originally added As(III) (<em>ca</em>. 61%) than the As + NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N treatment (42%). The As + NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N treatment prominently mitigated N<sub>2</sub>O emission compared to the As + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N treatment, which was ascribed to anammox, inducing accumulation of byproducts from incomplete denitrification. High-throughput sequencing indicated that the relative abundances of denitrifiers (<em>e.g</em>., <em>Azoarcus</em>, <em>Ochrobactrum</em>, and <em>Thiobacillus denitrificans</em>) increased in the As + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> treatment, whereas quantitative polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher 16S rRNA gene copy numbers for anammox and Feammox (Acidimicrobiaceae bacterium A6) bacteria in the As + NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> treatment. 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After 2-d incubation, more than 90% and 98% of soluble As(III) were immobilized in the As + NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N and As + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N treatments, respectively. Following nitrate depletion (after 2 d), microbial As(V) and Fe(III) reductions were gradually enhanced, which was attributed to stimulation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) coupled to Fe(III) reduction, known as Feammox, by the abundance of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>. By the end of the incubation period (10 d), the As + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N treatment led to higher As immobilization of originally added As(III) (<em>ca</em>. 61%) than the As + NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N treatment (42%). The As + NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N treatment prominently mitigated N<sub>2</sub>O emission compared to the As + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N treatment, which was ascribed to anammox, inducing accumulation of byproducts from incomplete denitrification. High-throughput sequencing indicated that the relative abundances of denitrifiers (<em>e.g</em>., <em>Azoarcus</em>, <em>Ochrobactrum</em>, and <em>Thiobacillus denitrificans</em>) increased in the As + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> treatment, whereas quantitative polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher 16S rRNA gene copy numbers for anammox and Feammox (Acidimicrobiaceae bacterium A6) bacteria in the As + NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> + NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> treatment. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
采用15n同位素示踪技术进行了微观培养,以确定两种不同施氮制度对淹水水稻土中砷(As)迁移和氧化亚氮(N2O)排放的影响。处理包括氨-硝酸盐联合修正(4 mM 14NH4+ + 6 mM 15NO3−)和硝酸盐修正(10 mM 15NO3−)。由于硝酸盐具有更高的氧化还原电位,并且含有更高比例的N底物,由于硝酸盐依赖的微生物As(III)氧化增强,As(V)优先形成。因此,淹水土壤中砷的有效性相应地减弱,这是由于流动性较差和毒性较弱的砷(V)的产生增加。经过2 d的培养,超过90%和98%的可溶性As(III)在氨-硝酸盐和硝酸盐处理下分别固定化。硝酸盐耗尽后(2天后),微生物对As(V)/Fe(III)的还原逐渐增强,这是由于丰富的NH4+刺激了氨氧化反应。在孵育期(10天)结束时,硝酸盐处理导致更高的As固定化(原来添加的0.1 mM As(III)的~61%被固定化),而氨-硝酸盐处理(42%)。与硝酸盐处理相比,氨硝处理显著减少了N2O的排放,这是由于厌氧氨氧化诱导不完全反硝化副产物的积累。高通量测序结果显示,硝酸盐处理下反硝化菌(Azoarcus、Ochrobactrum和Thiobacillus反硝化菌)丰度较高,而qPCR结果显示,氨硝处理下厌氧氨氧化菌和富氨氧化菌(Acidimicrobiaceae细菌A6)的16S rRNA基因拷贝数较高。综上所述,试验结果表明,施氮是一种可行的as修复策略,同时也是一种减少水稻土N2O排放的有效策略。
Arsenic mobilization and nitrous oxide emission modulation by different nitrogen management strategies in a flooded ammonia-enriched paddy soil
Elevated arsenic (As) mobilization and increased nitrous oxide (N2O) emission are two primary environmental concerns existing in flooded paddy soils. In this study, dissolved As(III), N isotope-labeled Na15NO3, and/or 14NH4Cl were incorporated into a microcosm incubation to determine the effects of N fertilization regimes on As mobilization and N2O emission in a flooded paddy soil. Because nitrate had a higher redox potential and comprised a higher proportion of N substrate, As(V) was preferentially formed due to enhanced nitrate-dependent microbial As(III) oxidation. Thus, As availability was correspondingly attenuated due to the improved production of less mobile and toxic As(V). After 2-d incubation, more than 90% and 98% of soluble As(III) were immobilized in the As + NH4+-N + NO3--N and As + NO3--N treatments, respectively. Following nitrate depletion (after 2 d), microbial As(V) and Fe(III) reductions were gradually enhanced, which was attributed to stimulation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) coupled to Fe(III) reduction, known as Feammox, by the abundance of NH4+. By the end of the incubation period (10 d), the As + NO3--N treatment led to higher As immobilization of originally added As(III) (ca. 61%) than the As + NH4+-N + NO3--N treatment (42%). The As + NH4+-N + NO3--N treatment prominently mitigated N2O emission compared to the As + NO3--N treatment, which was ascribed to anammox, inducing accumulation of byproducts from incomplete denitrification. High-throughput sequencing indicated that the relative abundances of denitrifiers (e.g., Azoarcus, Ochrobactrum, and Thiobacillus denitrificans) increased in the As + NO3- treatment, whereas quantitative polymerase chain reaction results indicated higher 16S rRNA gene copy numbers for anammox and Feammox (Acidimicrobiaceae bacterium A6) bacteria in the As + NH4+ + NO3- treatment. Collectively, the experimental results demonstrated that N fertilization can be a feasible As remediation strategy while providing an effective strategy for mitigating N2O emission from paddy soils at the same time.
期刊介绍:
PEDOSPHERE—a peer-reviewed international journal published bimonthly in English—welcomes submissions from scientists around the world under a broad scope of topics relevant to timely, high quality original research findings, especially up-to-date achievements and advances in the entire field of soil science studies dealing with environmental science, ecology, agriculture, bioscience, geoscience, forestry, etc. It publishes mainly original research articles as well as some reviews, mini reviews, short communications and special issues.