Philip Arestis, Elena Bárcena-Martín, Natalia Martín-Fuentes, Salvador Pérez-Moreno
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Foreign direct investment openness and income classes in Europe around the Great Recession
Distributional implications of capital account regulation is eminently context-specific. This paper examines the distributional effects of the openness of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows across 27 European countries in different economic environments around the Great Recession, covering the period 2007–2013. Our multi-level approach allows us to combine country-level variables and sociodemographic characteristics of individuals. The results highlight that the openness of FDI flows heterogeneously affects the income share of individual groups, favouring in particular the highest income classes. This finding seems to be driven by the educational level. We argue that even though highly educated individuals are present along the entire distribution, the highest income classes are especially favoured by the openness of FDI flows. This biased distributional effect of the openness of FDI flows persists throughout the years examined, regardless of the economic environment; this is due, in part, to the fact that the distribution of highly educated people is not sensitive to the business cycle.
期刊介绍:
Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja publishes rigorous scientific papers which make a significant contribution to any field of economics – theoretical, applied or empirical – with special attention given to experiences of the transition from socialism to market economies in Eastern Europe. New research on regional development in other geographical areas is welcomed, particularly papers addressing theoretical and empirical issues in economics for countries in transition and former transitional economies. The journal encourages submissions that explore broad economic topics that can contribute to the development of economics as a discipline, discussing important economic issues both from an orthodox or heterodox point of view.