戒严条件下银行保密信息取证与评价的特殊性

G.L. Kucheruk
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摘要

本文专门讨论一个与乌克兰当前现实十分相关的问题,即在戒严法下的审前调查期间获取包含银行机密的资料。这是因为,由于俄罗斯大规模入侵乌克兰,刑事司法当局旨在行使其在刑事诉讼中收集证据的权力的刑事诉讼活动的正常程序受到干扰。此外,应当指出,俄罗斯武装侵略乌克兰的爆发提出了打击许多类型的刑事犯罪的问题,特别是洗钱和资助恐怖主义,其委托和隐瞒涉及银行和金融机构和机构以及包含银行保密信息的信息,这在发现、披露和调查这些刑事犯罪方面具有重要的证据价值。为此目的,立法者对乌克兰的方案协调会进行了概念上的改革,将司法控制的职能下放给检察官。然而,由于存在法律冲突,戒严条件下情报获取程序的立法构建存在一定困难。法院在这一问题上缺乏行之有效的做法,这对获取这类资料的执法活动造成了影响。为了找出戒严令下银行保密信息获取程序存在的不足,有必要对规制这一问题的立法行为进行分析,找出共性特征和标志。在此基础上,确定完善这一问题立法的主要方向和建议,以便在执法活动中明确运用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Peculiarities of obtaining and evaluating as evidence information containing banking secrecy under martial law
This article is devoted to a problem that is quite relevant in the current realities of Ukraine, namely, obtaining information containing bank secrecy during pre-trial investigation under martial law. This is due to the fact that due to Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine, the normal procedure of criminal procedure activities of criminal justice authorities aimed at exercising their powers to collect evidence in criminal proceedings has been disrupted. In addition, it should be noted that the outbreak of Russia’s armed aggression in Ukraine has raised the issue of combating many types of criminal offenses, in particular, money laundering and terrorist financing, the commission and concealment of which is related to banking and financial institutions and institutions and information containing bank secrecy, which is of great evidentiary value in the detection, disclosure and investigation of these criminal offenses. For this purpose, the legislator introduced conceptual changes to the CPC of Ukraine, which delegated the function of judicial control to prosecutors. Nevertheless, the legislative construction of the procedure for obtaining such information under martial law causes certain difficulties due to existing legal conflicts.The absence of a well-established court practice on this issue leaves its mark on law enforcement activities to obtain such information. In order to identify the shortcomings of this procedure for obtaining information containing banking secrecy under martial law, it is necessary to analyze the legislative acts regulating this issue, identifying common features and signs. And after that, the main directions and proposals for improving the legislation on this issue should be determined for unambiguous use in law enforcement activities.
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