Comparative analysis of techniques in long reach passive optical networks: overview and design

Abstract Long reach PON is an attractive option for addressing the growing bandwidth needs of internet applications and also serving multiple ONUs. Due to newly augmented technologies such as 4K/8K television, video meetings/conferencing, and online gaming, end-user bandwidth demands are exponentially rising day by day. Wavelength division multiplexing–based passive optical network (WDM-PON), which can deliver high data rates over long distances, is the ultimate solution to the growing bandwidth demand. It is possible to reduce the number of active cabinets and central offices while increasing the number of optical network units (ONUs) with the use of passive optical networks (PONs). At higher bit rates, researchers faced lot of issues like increased pulse width due to increased distance, burst loss, fault detection, etc. In this paper, we have discussed few challenges faced in passive optical networks. Also, we have discussed about the methodology to overcome these issues.