玉米胚芽油提取过程中农药加工因素的实验测定

IF 1.8 Q2 AGRONOMY
Patrick Carré, Florence Lacoste, Jean-Noël Arnaud, Loïc Leitner, Julie Roiz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于缺乏对原油中农药含量的规定,本研究旨在评估将玉米籽粒浓度限值外推到从其胚芽中提取的原油中的转移因子。以4种有机磷杀虫剂(毒死蜱、甲基毒死蜱、非硝硫磷、甲基毒死蜱)、2种拟除虫菊酯(氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯)和1种拟除虫菊酯增效剂胡椒酰丁醇(PB)为靶剂,剂量为1 mg/kg粒。玉米粒在中试淀粉研磨机中进行转化,以分离细菌(湿磨),然后这些细菌在小型中试中进行榨油过程,包括热调节阶段、机械提取阶段、溶剂提取阶段和脱溶-烘烤阶段。采用气相色谱联用MS/MS检测器进行分析。测定了籽粒、带刺籽粒、胚芽、原油和粕的农药含量。令人惊讶的是,在从谷物到胚芽的转变过程中,有机磷酸酯和拟除虫菊酯的行为有显著差异。前者施用的农药在胚芽中的回收率为48% ~ 81%,后者为9 ~ 11%,PB为31%。用乙腈清洗尖刺种子的方法表明,拟除虫菊酯仍然与籽粒的疏水性角质层结合。另一方面,从胚芽到油脂,农药几乎全部在油脂部分转移的最初假设得到了证实。有机磷、PB和拟除虫菊酯的菌粕浓度比平均分别为0.019、0.065和0.109。胚芽与原油的浓度比依次为1.87、1.98和2.17。有机磷、PB、氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯的籽粒到最终油的转移系数分别为7.4 ~ 12.7、4.8和1.4 ~ 1.7。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Experimental determination of pesticide processing factor during extraction of maize germ oil
As there is a lack of regulations on pesticide levels in crude oils, this study aimed to evaluate transfer factors for extrapolating concentration limits established for maize kernels to the crude oils extracted from their germs. Maize kernels were spiked with 4 organophosphates insecticides (chlorpyriphos, chlorpyriphos-methyl, fenitrothion, pirimiphos-methyl), 2 pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin) and a pyrethroid synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PB) targeting a dose of 1 mg/kg grain. The kernels were transformed in a pilot starch-mill to separate the germs (wet-milling) then these germs underwent an oil extraction process in a mini-pilot comprising a thermal conditioning stage, a mechanical extraction followed by a solvent extraction and a desolventization-toasting stage for the meal. Analyses were carried out by gas chromatography coupled to MS/MS detector. The pesticides content was measured on kernels, spiked kernels, germ, crude oil and meal. Surprisingly, a significant difference in behavior was observed between organophosphates and pyrethroids in the transition from grain to germ. For the former, the applied pesticides were recovered at levels between 48% and 81% in the germ, compared to only 9–11% for the latter and 31% for PB. It has been shown by means of acetonitrile washing on spiked seeds that the pyrethroids remained bound to the hydrophobic cuticle of the grains. On the other hand, from the germ to the oil, the initial hypothesis of an almost total transfer of the pesticides in the fat fraction of the material was confirmed. The germ to meal concentration ratios were on average 0.019, 0.065 and 0.109 for organophosphates, PB and pyrethroids respectively. In the same order, the concentration ratios between germ and crude oil were 1.87, 1.98 and 2.17. Grain to final oil transfer factors ranged from 7.4 to 12.7 for organophosphates, 4.8 for PB and 1.4 and 1.7 for cypermethrin and deltamethrin respectively.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
14.30%
发文量
33
审稿时长
10 weeks
期刊介绍: OCL-Oilseeds and fats, Crops and Lipids is a peer-reviewed full Open-Access scientific journal devoted to fats, lipids and oil- and protein-crops. OCL covers the entire sector. The research papers and reviews published address a range of topical matters in agronomy, plant biology, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, lipid chemistry, as well as transversal research themes such as nutrition, the health-quality-food safety nexus, innovation and industrial processes, the environment and sustainable development, economics and social development. A particular feature of OCL is the inclusion of special thematic sections focusing on a topical subject among the Journal''s core domains. Invited contributors to these thematic sections are chosen with care in order to ensure the expression of a genuine cross-section of interests and expertise.
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