Facial blemishes detection and encryption with secure force algorithm into HCC2D code for biometric-passport

ABSTRACT A biometric passport includes demographic information and biometric details. It contains some applications that are currently and probable concerning national security such as frontier protection, illegal immigration, criminals, terrorists, and fake passport. Over the fifteen years, most of the countries have adopted biometric-passports based on International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and Machine Readable Travel Documents (MRTD) standardization. However, the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system contains a threat scenario that exists in privacy violation issues such as identity theft, data leakage threats, host listing, and tracking. To overcome these issues, this paper proposed a face recognition based on facial blemishes detection and encrypted into the High Capacity Color 2-Dimensional (HCC2D) code for biometric passport security. This includes facial blemishes features detection to generate the template and encrypted by applying the Secure Force (SF) algorithm to secure biometric information. Facial blemishes are detected by applying the Active Appearance Model (AAM) using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Canny edge detector with Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) detection algorithm. The proposed technique attained a 93.06% accuracy level for the dataset Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK). This technique will enhance biometric passport security to protect the biometric information from an intruder.