HUMAN BEING IN NORM AND PATHOLOGY: TOWARDS THE QUESTION OF EXPERTISE IN MEDICINE

Abstract. The article discusses a problem of a change in habitual paradigms of human being understanding in medicine within the progress of medical science and practice. The prevalence of natural scientific principles in medical expertise is becoming ineffective; medicine is losing its subject – a human being in norm and pathology. The awareness of the consequences of an object-oriented attitude contributed to the development of new notions about the subject of medicine, fixed in a socio-cultural and, later, person-oriented approaches in scientific understanding of human being in norm and pathology, as well as the development of practices aimed at protecting humans from interference. As a result, a new form of expertise is emerging in medicine – ethical expertise, aimed at protecting a human being. However, in the process of ethical expertise evolution, as the author shows, a shift has taken place towards bureaucratic management, oriented to proceduralism and efficiency. Moreover, ethical expertise continues to use socio-cultural approach as its methodological basis, which is not sufficient within the new situation of blurring boundary between norm and pathology. A human being himself as an object of expertise is disappearing.