Load reduction probabilistic model for smart grid network economic dispatch problem

This paper proposes a probabilistic model to the load reduction (LR) as demand side management (DSM) method for the economic dispatch problem in smart grid network (SGED). The objective is to drive the mathematical model of the probabilistic model and the problem. Then solve the problem using Black Hole optimization algorithm for two Test systems: three generation units with valve point effect and six generation units with prohibited operation zone and ramp rate limits.