1917年至1922年,奥克蒂尔卡县的“普罗维塔”中心

V. Artiukh
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引用次数: 0

摘要

文章追溯了在乌克兰革命时期(1917-1921年)和苏维埃政权的最初几年,“普罗维塔”奖学金中心在Okhtyrka县(哈尔科夫省)境内活动的起源和具体特点。该条涵盖了建立初等教育、举办戏剧表演、组织教育图书馆运作等形式的奖学金活动。强调团契活动的国家性质。报告指出,Okhtyrka县的“普罗斯维塔”中心在基辅建立乌克兰中央拉达后立即开始活动。在难民运动期间,奥克蒂尔卡县的“普罗维塔”中心支持乌克兰的革命议会及其政策。实际上,他们在该地区扮演着中央拉达中心的角色。关于“普罗维塔”中心和布尔什维克当局之间的关系,下面的声明是重点指出的。1919年上半年,布尔什维克阻碍“普罗维塔”中心的发展,并将其视为最新的反革命组织。邓尼金志愿军占领该地区后,对协会成员的镇压愈演愈烈。自1920年中期以来,布尔什维克当局一直在实施国家控制“普罗维塔”中心的政策。由于县公共教育部门和布尔什维克政治教育活动,该组织于1921年在俄克特尔卡县境内有35个中心。与此同时,布尔什维克当局试图与那些以“乌克兰沙文主义”和“petliurivshchina”为特色的“普罗斯维塔”中心斗争并关闭它们。1922年,“普罗维塔”中心的遗迹最终在该县的领土上消失了,变成了阅读室或乡村建筑。在文章中,作者得出结论,在其短暂的六年历史(1917-1922年)中,Okhtyrka县的“普罗斯维塔”中心提供了文化提升,这伴随着乌克兰人民的民族解放斗争。“普罗维塔”运动为使群众积极参与这些进程奠定了主要的组织基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The “Prosvita” centres of the Okhtyrka county in 1917-1922
The article traces the genesis and specific features of the “Prosvita” fellowship centres’ activity on the territory of the Okhtyrka county (Kharkiv province) during the period of the Ukrainian revolution (1917-1921) and the first years of Soviet authority. Such forms of the fellowship’s activity as establishing the primary education, holding theatrical performances, organizing educational libraries functioning are covered within the article. The national nature of the fellowship’s activity is emphasized. The fact, that the “Prosvita” centres of the Okhtyrka county started their activity right after establishing the Ukrainian Central Rada in Kyiv, is stated. During the UNR period “Prosvita” centres of the Okhtyrka county supported the revolutionary parliament of Ukraine and its policy. Actually, they played the role of the Central Rada’s centres in the region. As for the relationship between the “Prosvita” centres and Bolshevik authority, the following statement is highlighted. During the first half of 1919 the Bolsheviks impeded the development of the “Prosvita” centres and considered the latest to be counterrevolutionary organizations. After Denikin Volunteer Army had occupied the region the repressions against the members of the fellowship intensified. Since the middle of 1920 Bolshevik authorities had been implementing the policy of state controlling the “Prosvita” centres. Due to the county department of public education and Bolshevik political education activities 35 centres of this organization existed on the territory of the Okhtyrka county in 1921. Meanwhile Bolshevik authorities tried to struggle with and close those “Prosvita” centres, which featured the spirit of “Ukrainian chauvinism” and “petliurivshchina”. In 1922 the remains of “Prosvita” centres finally disappeared on the territory of the county, turning into reading houses or village buildings. In the article the author comes to a conclusion that during its short six-year history (1917-1922) the “Prosvita” centres of the Okhtyrka county provided the cultural ascension, which accompanied national-liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people. The “Prosvita” movement laid the main organizational foundation for involving the masses into active participating in those processes.
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