len运动:在土耳其和国际流亡之间

C. Tee
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引用次数: 2

摘要

自2016年7月15日晚的军事政变失败以来,以伊斯兰传教士和社会评论家法土拉·格伦(生于1941年)为中心发展起来的g len运动(以下简称GM)已被强行驱逐出其祖国土耳其。1那天晚上的事件标志着法土拉·格伦从强大的当权盟友转变为土耳其头号通缉犯的最后一个爆炸阶段(Esen and Gumuscu 2017;Yavuz和balcyi 2018;Zarakol 2016)。土耳其政府认为g len直接负责策划政变,GM在土耳其被称为FETÖ (Fethullahist恐怖组织),自2016年以来,前所未有的逮捕浪潮和国有部门清洗表面上是针对其成员的。实际上,数以万计的人——其中许多人与 len任何东西都没有关系——失去了工作,逃离了这个国家,或者正在监狱里受苦。那些能够逃脱的glenist已经在海外寻求庇护,其中许多人显然在西欧和美利坚合众国(US),在那里GM已经建立了存在。由于通用汽车在土耳其的大量金融资产被政府没收,公众情绪中弥漫着狂热的反列宁主义情绪,而总统Erdoğan通过执行总统职位巩固了对权力的控制,通用汽车在其祖国恢复曾经强大的地位的希望渺茫。自2016年以来,通用汽车的组织结构发生了变化。自1999年以来,他一直住在美国宾夕法尼亚州的一个隐居的大院里,土耳其政府试图将他引渡回国,以面对策划政变的指控,但迄今为止没有成功。然而,虽然g len和他的核心追随者仍然完好无损,但全球通用汽车的其他部门却经历了严重的破裂。在土耳其以外寻找未来的人
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The Gülen Movement: Between Turkey and International Exile
Since a failed attempt at a military coup on the night of 15 July 2016, the Gülen Movement (henceforth GM), which developed around the figure of Islamic preacher and social critic Fethullah Gülen (b. 1941), has been forcibly exiled from its homeland of Turkey.1 The events of that night marked the final, explosive stage in Fethullah Gülen’s transition from powerful establishment ally to Turkey’s most wanted criminal (Esen and Gumuscu 2017; Yavuz and Balcı 2018; Zarakol 2016). The Turkish government holds Gülen directly responsible for masterminding the coup and the GM is referred to in Turkey today as FETÖ (Fethullahist Terrorist Organisation), and the unprecedented wave of arrests and state sector purges that have been witnessed since 2016 have ostensibly been aimed at its members. In reality, tens of thousands of people—many of whom have no connection to Gülen whatsoever—have lost their jobs, fled the country or are now languishing in prison. Those Gülenists who were able to escape have sought refuge overseas, many of them apparently in Western Europe and the United States of America (US), where the GM has an established presence. With its considerable financial assets in Turkey confiscated by the state, febrile anti-Gülenism pervading the public mood and President Erdoğan’s grip on power consolidated through an executive presidency, there is little prospect of the GM ever recovering its once powerful position in its homeland. Since 2016, the organisational contours of the GM have changed. Gülen continues to reside on his reclusive compound in Pennsylvania, US, where he has lived since 1999, and the efforts of the Turkish government to secure his extradition to face charges for masterminding the coup have so far failed. However, while Gülen and his inner circle of followers remain intact, the rest of the global GM has experienced serious rupture. Searching for a future outside Turkey, the
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