乌克兰东部水系中克鲁塞人定居点(Cypriniformes, Carassius)的结构和动态

S. Mezhzherin, A. Kulish, S. V. Kokodiy
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引用次数: 2

摘要

摘要:对乌克兰东部水系中现今鲫鱼定居点的分析表明,该地区的原生金鱼C. auratus占该属研究代表总数的78.7%,占该地区原生金鱼的优势。第二类群为雌雄同体的普鲁士鲤鱼C. gibelio (14.3%);它以克隆生物型和重组个体为代表。鲫鱼(C. carassius)(3.6%)是罕见的,其数量不超过鲫鱼×鲫(C. carassius)杂交的数量(3.4%)。文献资料和博物馆收藏的回顾性分析提供了一个机会来描述在过去150年中发生的属的物种组成的变化。在此期间,曾经是该地区唯一和最常见的鲫鱼属(Jarocki, 1822)代表的鲫鱼几乎成为灭绝的物种。与此同时,20世纪60年代末出现在该地区的普鲁士鲤鱼的代表物种C. auratus + C. gibelio的数量迅速增加,成为乌克兰东部数量最多的鱼类。这种趋势在研究地区并非唯一;总的来说,它反映了欧洲对十字花科动物的倾向。其原因是河流的调节和对滩地生态系统的破坏。异育银鲫被消灭的次要因素是两个物种的个体之间的竞争关系和容易杂交,在此过程中,数量较多的异育银鲫吸收了数量较少的异育银鲫。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Structure and Dynamics of Crucians’ Settlements (Cypriniformes, Carassius) in Water Systems of Eastern Ukraine
Abstract The analysis of present-day crucians’ settlements in water systems of Eastern Ukraine designated the predominance of the digeneous Goldfish, C. auratus, in the region, the number of which made 78.7 %, from the total number of the examined representatives of the genus. The second group consists of gynogenetic Prussian carps, C. gibelio (14.3 %); it is represented by the clone biotype and recombinant individuals. Crucian carp, C. carassius (3.6 %), turned out to be rare and its number did not exceed the number of the caught hybrids C. auratus × C. carassius (3.4 %). The retrospective analysis of literature data and museum collections gave an opportunity to describe the changes in species composition of the genus which took place during the last 150 years. Within this period the crucian carp, which used to be the single and most common representative of genus Carassius (Jarocki, 1822) in the region, became nearly an extinct species. In the meanwhile the representatives of the group of species of Prussian carps, C. auratus + C. gibelio, which appeared in the region in the late 1960s, rapidly increased their number and became the most numerous fish of the Eastern Ukraine. The discovered tendency is not unique for the researched region; in general it reflects the European tendency for the crucian species. The reasons for that are rivers’ regulation and destruction of bottomland ecosystems. The secondary factors for the elimination of C. carassius are the competitive relations of individuals representing both species and easy hybridization, during which the more numerous species C. auratus absorbs the rare C. carassius.
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