派系与不专业:土耳其军队与2016年7月未遂政变

Simon A. Waldman, E. Çaliskan
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引用次数: 4

摘要

2016年7月16日土耳其发生未遂政变,令许多观察人士感到意外。人们要么希望,要么相信军事干预的时代已经结束。毕竟,在以欧盟为中心的改革之后,在高层官员辞职和被起诉的浪潮中,土耳其军队不是在政治上平静下来了吗?我们的观点恰恰相反;在土耳其,武装部队仍然是一个政治行动者,未能实现专业化。此外,土耳其军队深受内讧和派系斗争的困扰,最明显的是与居伦运动结盟的军官。派系主义和不专业这两个因素是土耳其经历又一次未遂政变的主要原因。这种事态突出了土耳其文武关系中似乎永远存在的危机,这是民主化道路上的一个重大障碍,也是其他有军事干预政治进程历史的国家的一个教训。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Factional and Unprofessional: Turkey’s Military and the July 2016 Attempted Coup
ABSTRACT The attempted coup of July 16, 2016 caught many observers of Turkey by surprise. It was either hoped or believed that the age of military intervention was over. After all, hadn’t Turkey’s military been politically pacified following EU-centered reforms and after waves of resignations and indictments of top officers resulting from allegations of deep-state conspiracies against the government? We argue the contrary; in Turkey, the armed forces remained a political actor and had failed to professionalize. In addition, the Turkish military were plagued by in-fighting and factionalism, most notably officers aligned to the Gulen movement. These two factors, factionalism and unprofessionalism, were the main reasons why Turkey experienced yet another attempted coup. Such a state of affairs highlights Turkey’s seemingly perpetual crisis in its civil–military relations, a significant obstacle on the road to democratization and a lesson to other countries with histories of military interference in the political process.
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