The "absolute" hartmann test

According to the ordinary methods of performing the Hartmann test, the assumption is made that all the rays cross the optical axis. As a matter of fact, this is very far from the truth, especially in the case of the large astronomical objectives and mirrors to which the Hartmann test is most generally applied. In the present paper a brief description is given of a modified test in which each "ray" is treated on its own merits and its absolute deviation from the ideal path is determined in both magnitude and direction. This method incidentally leads at once to the well-known criterion "T" of Hartmann, which is now generally adopted in the comparison of large telescopes.