Evaluation of inter-vehicle connectivity in three-dimensional cases

Packet forwarding decisions in communications among vehicles are important due to their high mobility. Further, road topologies are expected to contribute to more occurrences of out-of-range transmissions, which lead to frequent disconnections. The current method to overcome such complex road environments (i.e., in a three-dimensional scenario) is through the introduction of relative angles as a weighting value applied to the forwarding scheme in Vehicular-to-Vehicular Urban Network (V2VUNet). This scheme avoids unnecessary participating vehicles and selects the proper vehicle as a relay. In order to show the performance of a V2VUNet, this paper analyzes and evaluates various communication models in several three-dimensional cases.