Prevention of HIV and Prevention of Infection in PLWH

This chapter is about the prevention of HIV and the prevention of opportunistic infections in people living with HIV/AIDs (PLWH). It covers treatment as prevention (TasP), HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (including indications, initial assessment, and contraindications to PrEP), HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) (including estimating risk of transmission, timing of PEP initiation, counseling at time of PEP evaluation, and overlap of PEP and PrEP), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), infections due to bacteria, Treponema pallidum (syphilis), infections due to viruses, human papilloma virus (HPV), influenza A and B, JC polyomavirus (JCV), cryptosporidiosis, mycobacterium avium complex infection, and Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly Pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia.