用于沧龙系统发育分析的牙冠特征的组织学研究

Hallie Street, A. Leblanc, M. Caldwell
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引用次数: 5

摘要

几十年来,沧龙研究人员一直使用各种牙冠装饰作为诊断和系统发育特征。这些齿冠特征包括齿面、凹槽、条纹、锯齿状突起和粗糙的吻合结构。本研究探讨了牙本质和牙釉质对这些牙齿特征发展的相对贡献,并评估了这些结构之间可能的同源性。对离体沧龙牙齿的组织学分析表明,凹槽和齿面最初是由牙本质发育而来的,我们观察到的外部牙釉质形态在宏观上反映了牙本质的形状。条纹结合了牙本质的潜在贡献和额外的不规则的珐琅质沉积,这是严格由成釉形成造成的。在锯齿状隆突和吻合结构中,牙本质和牙釉质之间的边界是光滑的,这些外部装饰是通过牙釉质发育的变化而形成的。基于这些观察,我们推断凹槽和切面是形态谱的一部分,不应被视为单独的系统发育特征。相反,条纹的发展与凹槽和切面不同,因此应被视为一个独特的特征。我们建议将沧龙隆突上的“锯齿”称为齿纹,以区分这些只有珐琅质的结构与真正具有牙本质核心的齿纹。吻合的纹理也可能与显著的根尖增厚相吻合,这两者都可能是对加工硬壳猎物的适应。当使用牙冠特征作为诊断或系统发育特征时,必须小心,因为表面上不同的形态可能有相似的发育起源,牙齿形态可能与饮食联系更紧密,而不是与共同的祖先联系更紧密。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A histological investigation of dental crown characters used in mosasaur phylogenetic analyses
Mosasaur researchers have used varieties of tooth crown ornamentation as diagnostic and phylogenetic characters for decades. Such tooth crown features include facets, flutes, striations, serrated carinae, and coarse anastomosing texture. This study investigates the relative contribution of dentine and enamel to the development of these dental characters and assesses possible homologies between these structures. Histological analysis of isolated mosasaur teeth revealed that flutes and facets develop initially from the dentine, and the external enamel morphology we observe macroscopically mirrors the shape the underlying dentine. Striations combine underlying contributions from the dentine with additional and irregular enamel deposition that results strictly from amelogenesis. In both serrated carinae and anastomosing texture the border between the dentine and the enamel is smooth, and these external ornamentations form through variations in enamel development. Based on these observations, we infer that flutes and facets are part of a morphological spectrum and should not be treated as separate phylogenetic characters. Conversely, striations develop differently than flutes and facets, and should therefore be treated as a distinct character. We recommend referring to the “serrations” on mosasaur carinae as crenulations to differentiate these enamel-only structures from true denticles possessing a dentine core. Anastomosing texture can also coincide with significant apical thickening, both of which could be adaptations for processing hard-shelled prey. Care must be taken when using tooth crown features as diagnostic or phylogenetic characters because seemingly different morphologies can have similar developmental origins, and tooth morphology can be more closely tied to diet than to common ancestry.
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