创新在可持续发展国家创新体系中的作用

L.V. Oleksenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

文章考虑了经济增长的主要模式和迹象。经济增长最重要的来源之一是科学进化发展的突破,它为技术的发展创造了潜力。现代经济增长模式应该包含创新成分。在经济增长理论中,技术变革被认为是影响生产率的关键因素之一,因此也被认为是影响经济增长率的关键因素之一。与经济增长相关的主要模式是通过提高资本和劳动生产率来提供的,其原因是技术变革、创新。经济增长的主要标志是:技术进步;有助于实现新技术固有增长潜力的制度、行为和意识形态变化;国民生产总值不断增长。研究发现,创新突破是建立在科技进步的基础上的,科学、教育、技术、新知识已经成为所有发达国家经济增长的引擎。研究和开发的进化发展阶段被考虑,特别是,第一阶段与实验室的出现有关,大公司的第一个研发单位;第二阶段是科学密集型科学学科的快速发展;第三阶段是基于营销方法和概念的战略规划;在第四阶段,客户需求和技术能力同时得到开发。分析了创新的系统性。最重要的特征是激进创新的程度。在此基础上,您可以以不同的方式将创新系统化:激进的和修改的;划时代的变革,每隔几个世纪就会发生一次,从根本上改变社会面貌;颠覆性和支持性。从商业的角度来看,后一种方法是最合适的:在创新的情况下,企业应该提防什么,以及如何行事。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
THE ROLE OF INNOVATION IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM
The article considers the main patterns and signs of economic growth. One of the most important sources of economic growth is a breakthrough in the evolutionary development of science, which creates the potential for the development of technology. Modern models of economic growth should include an innovative component. In the theory of economic growth, technological change is considered as one of the key factors influencing productivity, and therefore the rate of economic growth in general. The main patterns associated with economic growth are provided by increasing the productivity of capital and labor, the causes of which are technological change, innovation. The main signs of economic growth are: technical progress; institutional, behavioral and ideological changes that contribute to the realization of the growth potential inherent in new technology; constant growth of the national product. It was found that the innovative breakthrough is based on scientific and technological progress, and science, education, technology, new knowledge have become the engine of economic growth in all developed countries. The stages of evolutionary development of research and development are considered, in particular, the first stage is associated with the emergence of laboratories, the first R&D units in large companies; the second stage is associated with the rapid development of science-intensive scientific disciplines; the third stage is based on the marketing approach and the concept of strategic planning; within the fourth stage, customer needs and technical capabilities are being developed simultaneously. The systematization of innovations is analyzed. The greatest importance was given to such a feature as the degree of radical innovation. On this basis, you can systematize innovations in different ways: radical and modifying; epochal, which occur every few centuries and radically change the face of society; subversive and supportive. The latter approach is the most adequate from the point of view of business: what to beware of business and how to behave in the case of an innovation.
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