Surgical treatment of post-traumatic instability of the shoulder joint in athletes

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of post-traumatic instability of the shoulder jointinvolves the use of various surgical techniques: open Latarjet procedure, BristowLatarjet operation, which was first performed in Russia at CITO named after N.N. Priorov, the founder of the clinic for sports and ballet trauma, Professor Zoya S. Mironova, also use soft tissue stabilization with anchors, etc. However, in recent years, the Latarjet arthroscopic operation has become a priority choice in the treatment of post-traumatic instability of the shoulder joint. AIM: To improve the results and reduce the frequency of postoperative complications, reduce the time of surgical intervention, as well as evaluate the technical difficulties, nuances and improve the surgical technique when performing the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure in professional athletes and amateurs with post-traumatic defects of the shoulder joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the period from 2015 to 2021, 50 Latarjet arthroscopic procedure were performed in athletes with post-traumatic defects of the glenoid cavity of the scapula. RESULTS: To improve postoperative results, during the Latarjet arthroscopic operation, when positioning the bone autograft, we focused on the 5 oclock in the anterior inferior section of the glenoid cavity of the scapula, which allowed us to maintain the range of motion, namely abduction, flexion and external rotation and bring it almost to the previous level in 96% of patients, the pain syndrome also regressed to 0.80.21 points. Fixation of the capsular-ligamentary apparatus exarticularly allowed to reduce the likelihood of relapse, fracture of the bone autograft, and the development of deforming osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint in the near future. CONCLUSIONS: The arthroscopic Latarjet procedure in the treatment of post-traumatic injuries of the shoulder joint is gaining popularity due to the fact that, using low-traumatic approaches, it is possible to correctly position the bone autograft on the anterior-inferior region of the articular surface of the scapula, without subsequent restrictions on the functional component of the shoulder joint.