对学龄儿童进行卫生教育,作为预防校外因素不利影响的手段

R. Devrishov, N. Skoblina, I. Khorosheva, I. A. Kudryasheva, E. Selina, E.V. Metelkina, Victoria Kuzmina, Natalia Barskova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

保护和加强儿童和青少年的健康是俄罗斯联邦国家政策的最重要方向之一。本研究的目的:评估卫生教育技术在预防校外因素对学童健康的不良影响方面的有效性。材料和方法:在2017 - 2019年的动态中,在阿斯特拉罕的三个教育组织中对学童及其家长进行了卫生教育。基于风险模型评估课外活动因素对小学生健康的影响。共有1940名7-17岁的阿斯特拉罕学童(878名男孩和1062名女孩)参加了以问卷为基础的调查。数据采用Microsoft Office Excel 2007进行统计处理。结果:两者的因果关系为95.0%,RR = 6,40, CI = 4,92 ~ 8.33,病因成分为67.5%,敏感性为0.889,特异性为0.778。小学生在家不做眼保健术与近视发生率有因果关系,为95,0 %,RR = 1,80, CI = 1,52 - 2,15,病因成分26.7%,敏感性0.750,特异性0.500。发现肌肉骨骼疾病的发生与使用不符合卫生建议的鞋子之间存在因果关系,包括教育机构以外的鞋子- 95,0 %,RR = 1,75, CI = 1,50 - 2,00,病因成分25.0 %,敏感性- 0,700,特异性- 0,500。在开展的活动框架内,制定了关于合理安排白天和营养、运动活动、夜间睡眠和休闲时间安排的简短建议清单。这些信息也提交给了学生的家长。结论。识别校内和校外因素,建立因果关系,评价可能的不良影响,将有可能发展相关的卫生教育技术,这将有助于保存
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
HYGIENIC EDUCATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN AS A MEANS OF PREVENTING THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL FACTORS
Preservation and strengthening of children and adolescents' health is one of the most important direc-tions of the state policy of the Russian Federation. Purpose of the study: to assess the effectiveness of hygiene education techniques to prevent adverse effects of out-of-school factors on the health of schoolchildren. Materials and methods: In the dynamics from 2017 to 2019 in three educational or-ganizations of Astrakhan the hygienic education of schoolchildren and their parents was carried out. The influence of extracurricular factors on schoolchildren's health was assessed on the basis of a risk-based model. A total of 1940 Astrakhan schoolchildren aged 7–17 (878 boys and 1062 girls) partici-pated in the questionnaire-based survey. The data was statistically processed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results: A cause-effect relationship was found to be 95,0 %, RR = 6,40, CI = 4,92–8.33, the etiological component was 67,5 %, sensitivity was 0,889, specificity was 0,778. There was a caus-al relationship between occurrence of myopia and failure to perform eye exercises by school children at home, 95,0 %, RR = 1,80, CI = 1,52–2,15, etiological component 26,7 %, sensitivity 0,750, speci-ficity 0,500. A causal relationship was found between the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders and the use of shoes that did not meet hygienic recommendations, including those outside educational institutions – 95,0 %, RR = 1,75, CI = 1,50–2,00, etiological component 25,0 %, sensitivity – 0,700, specificity – 0,500. Within the framework of the conducted activities short recommendations – check-lists on the rational organization of the day and nutrition, motor activity, night sleep and leisure time organization were formulated. The information was also presented to the parents of the schoolchil-dren. Conclusion. Identification of intra-school and extra-school factors, establishment of cause-effect relationships and evaluation of possible adverse effects, will make it possible to develop relevant techniques of hygiene education, which will contribute to preservation
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