自闭症谱系障碍,恐惧反应和环境暴露

T. Theoharides, Jaanvi Sant, Maria-Eleni Giota
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引用次数: 1

摘要

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种以社交互动和沟通受损以及刻板动作为特征的发育状况,每59名儿童中就有1名患有这种疾病。预计到2020年,每40名儿童中就有1名患有自闭症谱系障碍,但目前仍没有明确的发病机制和有效的治疗方法。患有ASD的儿童对几乎任何未知的刺激都有高度焦虑的反应,并且似乎误读了危险/威胁信号,并且在正常儿童所经历的情况下可能不会感到焦虑。作者提出,环境刺激刺激了被称为肥大细胞(MC)的独特免疫细胞,然后触发小胶质细胞,导致杏仁核中神经元连接功能失调。这个过程会降低或破坏“恐惧反应”,导致夸张的“战斗或逃跑”反应。促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)可能与环境刺激,特别是真菌毒素有协同作用。认识到这种关联并防止肥大细胞/小胶质细胞的刺激可能导致有效的治疗ASD。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Fear Response, and Environmental Exposures
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition characterized by impaired social interactions and communication, as well as by stereotypic movements, that affects 1 in 59 children. ASD is expected to reach 1 in about 40 children by 2020, yet it remains without distinct pathogenesis and effective treatment. Children with ASD respond with high anxiety to almost any unknown stimulus and appear to misread danger/threat signals, and may not experience anxiety in situations where normotypic children do. The authors propose that environmental stimuli stimulate the unique immune cells, known as mast cells (MC), which then trigger microglia, leading to dysfunctional neuronal connectivity in the amygdala. This process lowers or disrupts the “fear response” and leads to an exaggerated “fight-or-flight” reaction. corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) could have a synergistic effect with environmental stimuli, especially mycotoxins. Recognizing this association and preventing stimulation of mast cells/microglia could lead to effective treatment of ASD.
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