人工智能作为一种人类技术

Mykhailo Bogachov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人工智能是一种像人类一样思考或行动的计算机系统。人工智能系统的特征体现了人工智能开发者对人性的内在信念。具有成年人一般认知能力的“强”人工智能尚未被创造出来,而“弱”人工智能已经成为地球计算基础设施的一部分。神经网络人工智能模仿特定类型的人类行为,概括用户日常生活的数据。这种人工智能方法符合20世纪的哲学主流,当时日常生活被视为产生相互理解的语言和社会预设的来源。这种方法也是基于传统的人机二分法,以及相应的“人性是稳定的、不受技术条件影响的”思想。然而,在后形而上学时代,当人类与技术的互动是交流性的而不是工具性的,日常生活数据不能成为人性的独立典范。人工智能系统不仅编纂了人性的描述性特征,而且还约束了它们的用户,因为可以收集日常数据的数字环境已经由人工智能组织起来了。因此,在数字环境中,人们被迫复制新的行为规范,由人工智能编纂,这成为人类自我控制或人类技术的一种形式。人工智能的影响很少被注意到,因为人们与人工智能互动的数字环境并没有以一种清晰易懂的方式组织起来。人工智能的人类技术本质是平台开发的副作用,因此人工智能开发人员很少对他们创建的系统中体现的规范负责。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Artificial intelligence as an anthropotechnology
Artificial intelligence is a computer system that thinks or acts like humans. Features of AI systems embody implicit beliefs concerning the human nature that AI developers have. “Strong” AI, which has the general cognitive abilities of an adult, has not yet been created, while “weak” AI is already part of the planetary computation infrastructure. Neural network AI mimics specific types of human behavior, generalizing data about the everyday lives of its users. This AI approach corresponds to the philosophical mainstream of the 20th century, when everyday life was seen as a source of the linguistic and the social pre-given that yields mutual understanding. This approach is also based on the traditional human-machine dichotomy and the corresponding idea that human nature is stable and independent of the technological condition. However, in the post-metaphysical age, when human interaction with technology is communicative rather than instrumental, data on everyday life cannot be an independent paragon of the human nature. AI systems do not only codify the descriptive features of human nature, but also discipline their users, as the digital environment in which everyday data can be collected is already organized by AI. Accordingly, in the digital environment, people are forced to reproduce new norms of behavior, codified by AI, which became one of the forms of human self-mastery, or anthropotechnology. The impact of AI is rarely noted, as the digital environment in which people interact with AI is not organized in a way that is clearly understandable. The anthropotechnological nature of AI is a side effect of the development of platforms, so AI developers rarely take responsibility for the norms embodied in the systems they create.
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