Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Ziziphus mauritiana, Allium sativum and Brassica nigra

Unrefined methanolic extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana (Ber) leaves, bulbs of Allium sativum (Garlic) and seeds of Brassica nigra (Black Mustard/Sarso) generally utilized in medication were studied for their in vitro phytochemical and pharmacological screening. Phytochemical screening of Z. mauritiana showed the presence of flavonoids, flavones, phenolic compounds, saponins, terpenoids and nonattendance of tannins, steroids, and glycosides. Similarly, unrefined methanolic extract of A. sativum bulbs showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. Also, B. nigra seeds showed the indicated the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides. The antibacterial activity of plant extracts was determined by utilizing agar well diffusion technique. The plant extracts demonstrated varied levels of antibacterial activity. In this study five bacterial isolates were utilized (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pesudomonas aerugenosa, Klebseila pneunomonae, and Proteus). ZM leaves and AS bulbs extracts showed good antibacterial action against P. aeruginosa and Proteus (50% and 60%), while BN seeds showed low inhibition against P. aeruginosa (28%) but showed great restraint effect against E. coli and Proteus (50%and 60%). The antifungal activity was determined by agar slant technique in contradiction of R. stolonifer, A. niger and A. flavus. AS bulbs extract showed good (14%) antifungal activity when contrasted with ZM leaves (14%) and BN seeds (13%) against R. stolonifer. The extract exhibited low activity against A. niger and A. flavus similarly methanolic extract showed low antifungal activity (10% and 11%). Phytotoxic activities show that these plants caused substantial growth inhibition of Lemna minor in all the dilutions.