脑血管病变患者认知障碍临床研究中心理测量测试方法学问题综述

A. Aizenshtein, A. Trofimova, Y. Mikadze, G. Ivanova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

的目标。为了在临床实践中评估认知功能障碍,根据考试中要解决的任务,使用了不同的神经心理学研究方法。为了确定各种心理功能结构(缺陷的神经心理学特征)和大脑功能(局部诊断)功能障碍的具体原因,使用了对检测到的疾病症状进行定性分析的方法。心理测量学(定量)方法用于数值评估疾病的严重程度和个体心理功能状态变化的动态,以及对一般可能的认知衰退水平进行筛选评估。认知功能障碍定性评估的方法侧重于寻找被检查心理功能结构中的“缺失环节”。心理测试,在大多数情况下,描述个人心理功能的一般状态,或者,在筛选的情况下,描述一组认知功能。因此,评估心理功能的一个或多个方面,其中同时涉及几个认知功能。本文介绍了一篇文献综述的结果,描述和分析了国内临床实践中血管性脑病变认知障碍神经心理学检查的偏好、方法和相应的技术。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Methodological Problems of Psychometric Tests in Clinical Studies of Cognitive Disorders in Patients with Cerebral Vascular Lesions: a Review
AIM. To assess cognitive dysfunction in clinical practice, depending on the task being solved in the examination, different neuropsychological research methods are used. To identify the specific cause of the dysfunctions in the structure of various mental functions (neuropsychological characteristics of the defect) and in the brain functions (topical diagnosis), methods of qualitative analysis of the detected symptoms of the disorder are used. Psychometric (quantitative) methods are used to assess numerically the severity of disorders and the dynamics of changes in the state of individual mental functions, as well as for screening assessment of e possible cognitive decline level in general. Methods of cognitive dysfunctions qualitative assessment are focused on the search for a «missing link» in the structure of the examined mental functions. Psychometric tests, in most cases, describe the general state of either individual mental functions, or, in the case of screening, a set of cognitive functions. Thus, one or more aspects of mental functions are evaluated, in which several cognitive functions are involved at once. The article presents the results of a literature review with a description and analysis of preferences, methods used and corresponding techniques for neuropsychological examination of cognitive disorders in domestic clinical practice in vascular brain lesions.
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