髋部外骨骼技术对老年人行走稳定性的影响研究

T. Burton, Émélie Séguin, Marc Doumit
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摘要

行走辅助外骨骼(WAEs)是一种可穿戴设备,可以让行动不便的人保持自主性。越来越多的老年人受益于这些设备,在关节肌肉功能下降的地方得到帮助。通常,wae的主要目标是降低步行的代谢成本,允许用户延长步行时间。然而,这一策略并没有解决老年人摔倒和遭受严重伤害的风险增加这一日益增长的担忧。步态和平衡障碍是老年人跌倒的最常见原因之一。随着人们年龄的增长,研究导致额平面不稳定的肌肉骨骼变化变得越来越重要,因为中外侧和后外侧跌倒与严重损伤高度相关。具体来说,髋关节外展肌和内收肌在维持额平面平衡方面是必不可少的,但关于髋关节外展-内收外骨骼对老年人稳定性的影响的研究很少。本文概述了步态生物力学,肌肉对中外侧稳定性的贡献,与衰老相关的变化,以及改善老年人步态平衡的策略。随后,通过对现有髋关节WAEs的比较,强调了应用该技术改善老年人步态稳定性的可行性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Study of Hip Exoskeleton Technology for Elderly Stability During Walking
Walking Assistive Exoskeletons (WAEs) are wearable devices that can allow individuals with mobility impairments to maintain their autonomy. The growing elderly population has benefited from these devices by receiving assistance at joints where their muscle function has declined. Typically, the primary objective of WAEs has been to reduce the metabolic cost of walking, allowing users to walk for extended periods. However, this strategy does not address the growing concern that seniors are at an increased risk of falling and sustaining severe injuries. Gait and balance disorders are among the most common causes of falls in the elderly. As people age, it is increasingly important to investigate the musculoskeletal changes contributing to frontal plane instability, as mediolateral and postero-lateral falls are highly correlated with severe injuries. Specifically, the hip abductor and adductor muscles are essential in maintaining balance in the frontal plane, yet minimal research has been conducted on the effect of a hip abduction-adduction exoskeleton on elderly stability. This paper outlines gait biomechanics, muscle contributions for mediolateral stability, changes associated with ageing, and strategies to improve balance during elderly gait. Subsequently, a comparison of existing hip WAEs highlights the feasibility of applying this technology to improve elderly gait stability.
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