大网膜的结构和功能特征及其在腹膜炎中的作用

O. Maksymenko, V. Hryn
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引用次数: 1

摘要

大网膜现在被认为是对抗腹腔内感染的重要器官,因此它常被称为“腹腔警察”。大网膜在对腹膜液抗原状态的免疫监督和对胃肠道损伤的快速反应中起着最重要的作用,而胃肠道损伤常并发腹膜炎症-腹膜炎。这项工作的目的是研究大鼠大网膜结构的特点及其在腹膜炎中的作用,通过文献书目分析的手段。材料和方法。这种书目分析是基于发表的文章,书籍,教科书,专著和论文摘要。为了进行系统综述,我们在全球互联网、国内文献来源、波尔塔瓦国立医科大学科学和电子图书馆中进行了文献检索,检索关键词为:“形态学”、“比较解剖学”、“大网膜”、“大网膜”、“免疫系统”、“大鼠”、“实验动物”、“大鼠解剖学”、“腹膜炎”。结果和讨论。大鼠和人的大网膜有两种不同的结构:半透明膜区和富含脂肪组织的区域。据文献报道,大网膜是大鼠的主要形态特征(微缩),与人类大网膜相似。根据许多作者和我们的观点,大网膜的主要功能是免疫。大网膜免疫结构以淋巴样结节为代表,文献称其为乳白色斑点,多位于动脉和静脉附近。在病理条件下,大网膜获得了绝对特殊的特性,如可塑性、与创伤和炎症表面融合的能力、止血和吞噬的能力、发芽和血管重建的能力、从腹膜腔吸收液体和微粒的能力以及免疫反应的能力。结论。据文献记载,小白鼠的大网膜是人类大网膜的缩影。然而,与后者不同的是,它只有一个内脏腹膜的复制品,在内脏腹膜的叶子之间有血管,脂肪组织沉积和乳斑。因此,白鼠的大网膜是一个完全可以接受的实验研究对象,随后将其结果合理地推断到人类身上。大网膜在腹膜防御机制中占有中心地位,这是由于其固有的免疫功能,高吸收能力,以及由于其表达性血管生成活性,能够附着在邻近结构上关闭腹部器官缺陷并促进其愈合
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Greater Omentum of White Rats: Structural and Functional Characteristics and its Role in Peritonitis
The greater omentum is now recognized as an important organ in the fight against intra-abdominal infections, so it is often called the “policeman of the peritoneal cavity”. The greater omentum plays the most important role in the implementation of immune supervision of the antigenic condition of the peritoneal fluid and rapid response of damage to the gastrointestinal tract, which is often complicated by inflammation of the peritoneum – peritonitis. The purpose of the work was to study the peculiarities of the structure of the greater omentum of white rats and its role in peritonitis by means of a bibliographic analysis of the literature. Materials and methods. This bibliographic analysis is based on published articles, books, textbooks, monographs and dissertation abstracts. For the purposes of this systematic review, a literature search was carried out in the worldwide Internet, domestic sources of literature, scientific and electronic library of Poltava State Medical University using the following key words: “morphology”, “comparative anatomy”, “greater omentum”, “greater omentum of the rats”, “immune system”, “white rats”, “laboratory animals”, “rat anatomy”, “peritonitis”. Results and discussion. The greater omentum of white rats and humans are represented by two different structures: translucent membranous regions and regions rich in adipose tissue. According to the literature, the greater omentum of white rats is the main morphological characteristic (in miniature), homologous to the human one. The main function of the greater omentum, according to the opinion of many authors and ours too, is immunity. Immune structures of the greater omentum of white rats are represented by lymphoid nodules, known in the literature as milky spots, most of which are located near arteries and veins. In pathological conditions, the greater omentum acquires absolutely special properties, such as plasticity, the ability to fuse with a traumatic and inflamed surface, the ability to hemostasis and phagocytosis, the ability to germinate and revascularize, to absorb fluids and microparticles from the peritoneal cavity, and the ability to the immunological response. Conclusion. According to the literature, the greater omentum of white rats is a miniature likeness of the greater omentum of a person. However, unlike the latter, it consists of only one duplication of the visceral peritoneum, between the leaves of which there are blood vessels with deposits of adipose tissue and milk spots. Thus, the greater omentum of white rats is a perfectly acceptable object of experimental research with the subsequent legitimate extrapolation of their results to humans. The greater omentum occupies a central place in the peritoneal defense mechanisms due to its innate immune function, high absorbing capacity, and ability to attach to neighboring structures to close defects of abdominal organs and promote their healing, due to its expressive angiogenic activity
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