人类活动对野生动物的影响:以埃塞俄比亚西南部尼罗河Lechwe (Kobus megaceros) Gambella国家公园为例

Mohammed Seid Legas, Behailu Taye
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引用次数: 3

摘要

评估人为因素对野生动物的威胁是确定和提出适当保护措施的基础。本研究旨在评估2015年10月至2016年3月期间,人类活动对埃塞俄比亚西南部甘贝拉国家公园野生动物的影响,并以尼罗河鼠(Kobus megaceros)为研究对象。本研究采用问卷调查、结构化访谈和焦点小组讨论的方式收集数据。在SPSS 20版软件中采用卡方检验比较各村庄间的威胁因素数据。在384名回答者中,分别有139人(36.2%)、51人(13.2%)、49人(12.8%)、43人(11.2%)和41人(10.7%)表示农业投资、非法狩猎、过度放牧、该地区水稻种植和栖息地丧失是影响尼罗河河的最主要人为因素。由此可见,农业扩张和非法狩猎是对尼罗河河水影响最大的人类活动。在设计和实施任何发展投资,特别是大规模的农业扩张之前,政府和其他利益相关者都应该考虑和关注在发展的同时迅速减少的自然资源。因此,设计适当的生态友好的管理方案必须采用调解的影响,并尽量减少未来的影响。关键词:农业,人为干扰,生境,尼罗河河水,甘贝拉国家公园,野生动物
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Impacts of human activities on wildlife: The case of Nile Lechwe (Kobus megaceros) Gambella National Park, Southwest Ethiopia
Assessing human-induced threatening factors to wildlife is the basis in determining and proposing appropriate conservation measures. The present study was conducted to assess impacts of human activities on wildlife in Gambella National Park, Southwest of Ethiopia, from October 2015 to March 2016, focusing on the case of Nile Lechwe (Kobus megaceros). The data in this study were gathered using questionnaires with structured interview and focus group discussion.  Data on the threatening factors were compared among villages using chi-square test in SPSS version 20 software. Out of the 384 respondents, 139(36.2), 51(13.2) 49(12.8), 43(11.2) and 41(10.7%) of them informed that agricultural investment, illegal hunting, overgrazing, rice cultivation in the area and habitat loss, respectively, were the most predominant human factors affecting Nile Lechwe. Thus suggests that agricultural expansion and illegal hunting are those human activities with the highest impact on the Nile Lechwe. Before designing and implementing any development investment particularly large scale agricultural expansions, the government and other stakeholders should give consideration and attention to the rapidly declining natural resource beside to the development. Therefore, designing appropriate eco-friendly management with options must be adopted to mediate the effects and minimize future impacts.   Key words: Agriculture, anthropogenic disturbance, habitats, Nile Lechwe, Gambella National park, wildlife.
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