Modern methods of hydrometric research: bathymetric works using echo sounder

The study of the morphometry of the bottom of water bodies is an important task in various areas of economic, industrial, and other activities, as well as scientific research. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and use modern methodological solutions in applied hydrography for carrying out bathymetric works and processing the obtained material. This article examines modern methods of working with echo sounders, covering theoretical and practical aspects of using these devices. The article presents an overview of existing echo sounder classifications, methods for performing survey work in expeditionary conditions, and compiling final materials in the form of tables and vector layers. The main aspects of working with echo sounders are considered, such as equipment selection, parameter setting, conducting survey work, processing and analyzing data, and their integration with geographic information systems. Innovative developments and technologies that contribute to improving the quality and accuracy of results are described. Special attention is paid to the integration of echo sounders with other technologies, such as geographic information systems (GIS). The authors also consider practical aspects of using echo sounders in navigation, hydrography, and other areas. This article provides a valuable overview for professionals in the field of hydrology and related areas, studying the morphometry of the bottom of water bodies, as well as for a wide range of readers interested in innovative technologies and the field of acoustics and geographic information systems.