Hyponatraemia: Nadirs and Paradoxes of the Missing Volumetric Overload

Hyponatraemia (HN) affects adults and children [1]. The authors concluded that: “acute hospital induced hyponatraemia is caused by electrolyte-free fluids, or ‘volumetric overload type1 (VO1)’, in the presence of elevated vasopressin. The condition affects men, women and children, particularly postoperative patients. It is responsible for far greater morbidity and mortality than generally received.” It concerns not only physicians and intensive care therapists among all clinicians who prescribe fluid therapy in the most compelling of clinical emergencies, but also primarily surgeons.