THE SECULARIZATION OF POWER IN WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FORMATION OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND RELIGIOUS CONCEPT OF FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE IN THE WORKS OF MYKHAILO DRAHOMANOV

The article is devoted to the disclosure of Mykhailo Drahomanov views on the state-church relations of Western European countries, where the process of secularization separates freedom of conscience as the main of human freedoms. Examples of state-church relations in the countries of England, France, Spain and Venetian Republic, which allowed Mykhailo Drahomanov to systematically demonstrate the requirement to respect the specified level of individual freedom. The novelty of the study is the first attempt to substantiate the philosophical and religious concept of freedom of conscience of Mykhailo Drahomanov based on the creative work of the domestic author. The significance of the role of power for observing personal freedom in the conditions of the legal formation of society is shown. The connection between secularization and the possibility of the embodiment of freedom of conscience is noted, where Mykhailo Drahomanov reveals the contribution of the Reformation to the realization of the ideas of this right. The separation of the world and spiritual spheres, created on the examples of specific state and religious relations, allows better features of the formation of ideological freedom, which is impossible without taking into account religious freedom and freedom of conscience. The place of tolerance in a multi-confessional society is especially noted, which allows us to highlight the importance of tolerance in adhering to different worldviews. The need to observe freedom of expression in a society where any attempts to limit worldviews pose a threat to the development of society is reproduced. The need to adhere to worldview pluralism in society is linked to the possibility of the realization of basic human rights and freedoms. Reproducing the process of separation of the spiritual and secular spheres, in connection with the formation of freedom of conscience helps to avoid the risks of restricting freedom in modern society, where globalization and multiculturalism require the disclosure of historical preconditions for legal freedom of choice.