Optical Remote Sensing of Planetary Space Environment

Planetary science is the scientific investigations of the basic characteristics and the formation and evolution processes of the planets, moons, comets, asteroids and other minor bodies of the solar system, the exoplanets, and the planetary systems. Planetary scientific research mainly depends on deep space exploration, and it is highly interdisplinary and is built from Earth science, space science, astronomy and other relevant disciplines. Planetary space, a critical region of mass and energy exchange between the planet and the interplanetary space, is an integral part of the planetary multi-layer coupling system. Atmospheres of different compositions and plasmas of different densities and energies exist in planetary space, where mass transportation at different temporal and spatial scales and various energy deposition and dissipation processes occur. Optical remote sensing overcomes the difficulties of capturing global views and distinguishing spatiotemporal variations in in-situ particle and field detections. This chapter introduces the principles and applications of optical remote sensing in planetary science. The first ground-based planetary observatory in China, the Lenghu Observation Center for Planetary Sciences, will be introduced in detail. Future development of optical remote sensing platforms in Chinese planetary exploration program will also be introduced.