Essays on the history of Russian and Ukrainian physiology of the 19th and the beginning of 20th centuries

m any new facts and theories have appeared in physiology. The solution of complex physiological prob - lems required collaboration of physiologists, pathologists, biochemists, biophysicists, mathematicians, and other specialists. That was possible due to the rapid development of new technologies as well as the robust foundation laid by the outstanding physiologists of the 19 th century. This article describes the activities of outstanding Russian and Ukrainian physiologists of the 19 th and the early 20 th centuries. Among them were Ivan Sechenov, Nikolai Vvedenskii, Aleksei Ukhtomskii, Alexandr Samoilov and Ivan Pavlov in Russia, Ivan Shchelkov, Vasyl Danylevskyi, Adolf Beck, Bronisław Verigo, Alexander Walter, Vasyl