在硕士课程中实施以学生为中心的教育原则:学术人员经验的探索

S. Baranova, Baiba Kaļķe
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引用次数: 0

摘要

30年来,高等教育教学法和政策的范式转变一直是讨论的主题,在此期间,重点放在向以学生为中心的教育过渡上。这种方法的实施需要学习过程的民主化,并向基于绩效的结果转变,从而促进学生的研究能力、福祉、个人成长和生活质量。与博洛尼亚进程的主要组织合作制定的关于这一主题的最重要文件是《欧洲高等教育区质量保证标准和指南》。这描述了以学生为中心的学习、教学和评估的共同理解。这些标准和准则也被纳入拉脱维亚高等教育质量保证条例。本研究的作者参与了一项新的硕士学习计划的制定和批准,其中特别关注以学生为中心的教育原则的实施。本研究的主要目的是研究讲师在方案中执行以学生为中心的教育原则方面的经验。调查了有关的文献和文件,并分析了(分发给方案参与者)调查表的数据。根据拉脱维亚教育和科学部批准的《欧洲高等教育区质量保证标准和指南》以及《科学、技术发展和创新指南2021 - 2027》,本研究提出了以学生为中心的教育的10项基本原则。一项调查是针对在一个学期内实施新设立的硕士课程的讲师进行的。17位讲师参加了会议。对问卷结果的分析表明,促进师生关系中的相互尊重和学生积极参与学习过程被认为是最重要的原则。调查结果还显示,讲师们采用了以学生为中心的原则,但有必要通过建立一种评估机制来促进共识,并提高教师实施这些原则的能力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Implementation of Student-Centred Education Principles in a Master’s Study Programme: An Exploration of the Experience of Academic Staff
The paradigm shift in higher education pedagogy and policy has been a subject of discussion for 30 years, during which time the emphasis has been placed on the transition to student-centred education. The implementation of this approach requires the democratisation of the study process and a shift towards performance-based outcomes, thus promoting students’ research capacities, well-being, personal growth, and quality of life. The most important document on the subject, which was developed in collaboration with the leading organisations of the Bologna Process, is the Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area. This describes the common understanding of student-centred learning, teaching, and assessment. The standards and guidelines are also incorporated into the Latvian higher education quality assurance regulations. The authors of the present study are involved in the development and approbation of a new master’s study program, in which special attention is paid to the implementation of the principles of student-centred education. The central aim of the present study was to study the experience of lecturers in the implementation of the principles of student-centred education in the programme. The relevant literature and documents were surveyed and data from questionnaires (distributed to programme participants) were analysed. Using the Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area and the Science, Technology Development and Innovation Guidelines 2021−2027 approved by the Latvian Ministry of Education and Science, the present study sets out 10 basic principles of student-centred education. A survey was created for lecturers who are implementing the newly created master’s programme over one semester. Seventeen lecturers participated. The analysis of the questionnaire results indicated that promoting mutual respect in student−academic staff relations and students’ active engagement in the study process were considered to be the most important principles. The results also revealed that lecturers applied every student−centred principle, but it is necessary to promote a common understanding by developing a mechanism for evaluating them and to improve the competence of teachers in implementing them.
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