试图(重新)捕捉学校历史课程?对历史长官工作组报告书的思考

P. Maluleka, L. Ledwaba
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摘要

2018年2月,关于南非义务教育历史的部长级任务小组报告(HMTT)公布。从那时起,它在在职和职前历史教育者、教育历史学者以及公众中引起了许多争论和关注。这些担忧的前提是人们担心,至少是州政府试图通过HMTT的工作来(重新)捕捉学校历史。一些人认为,这种(重新)获取将会传递出一种既民族主义又爱国主义的学校历史,只赞美非洲人国民大会(ANC)在历史上的作用,就像种族隔离课程赞美国民党(NP)、南非白人民族主义和白人至上思想的作用一样。然而,我们相信,不妨对小组委员会及其报告有不同的解读;因此,这是一种不同形式的(重新)捕获。在本文中,我们将探索、理论化和反思HMTT的工作和报告,以及最近关于HMTT本身及其报告的学术辩论。为此,我们采用(再)捕获的概念作为我们的理论框架,该框架源于当前南非的“国家捕获”话语。然后,我们使用这一理论视角来回顾有关学校历史有争议的认识论性质的文献,以及阅读和理解HMTT及其报告。我们的结论是,那些认为确实有人试图(重新)捕捉学校历史,以实现狭隘的民族主义愿望的人,本质上是本土主义者,为我们提供了对HMTT及其报告的不同解读。我们认为,由HMTT提出的(重新)捕获的形式,及其报告是为了一个更大的原因,与当前在后种族隔离时期南非学校历史的非殖民化和非洲化的呼吁有关——在那里,殖民的认识和存在方式也可以在历史文献中占据中心位置,在那里,认知、认识论、存在主义和本体论的正义得以实现。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Attempts to (re)capture the school history curriculum? Reflections on the history ministerial task team's report
The History Ministerial Task Team Report (HMTT) on the proposed compulsory school history in South Africa was made public in February 2018. Ever since, it has generated many debates and concerns among in- and pre-service history educators, History (of) Education scholars as well as the general public. Many of these concerns are premised on the fear that there is an attempt, at least by the state, through the work of the HMTT to (re)capture school history. This (re)capture, some argue, would deliver a school history that is both nationalist and patriotic in its approach, and glorifies only the African National Congress's (ANC) role in history, much in the same way as the apartheid curriculum glorified the role of the National Party (NP), Afrikaner nationalism and white supremacy thinking. However, we are convinced that there might as well be a different reading of the HMTT and its Report; thus, a different form of (re)capture. In this paper, we will explore, theorise and reflect on the HMTT's work and Report, as well as recent scholarly debates regarding the HMTT itself and its Report. This we do by employing the notion of (re)capture as our theoretical framework which is derived from the current 'state capture' discourse in South Africa. We then use this theoretical lens to review literature on the contested epistemic nature of school history, as well as to read and make sense of the HMTT and its Report. We conclude that those who argue that there are indeed attempts to (re)capture the school history for narrow nationalistic aspirations which are nativist in nature, provide us with a different reading of the HMTT and its report. We contend that the form of (re)capture advanced by the HMTT, and its Report is for a greater cause related to current calls for decolonisation and Africanisation of school history in post-apartheid South Africa - where the colonised ways of knowing and being can also take centre stage in the historical literature and where cognitive, epistemic, existential, and ontological justice is realised.
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