A New Modelling Approach to Simulate CO2 Movement and Containment Coupled With Geochemical Reactions and Geomechanical Effects for an Offshore CO2 Storage in Malaysia

This paper presents a two-way coupled modelling approach to simulate CO2 movement and containment with geochemical reactions and geomechanical effects. CO2storage simulation studies cover three main disciplines, reservoir engineering, geochemistry and geomechanics. This new approach of coupled modelling simulation, by simultaneously simulate both effects of geochemistry and geomechanics, is considered as a more representative and better predictive modelling practice. The integration of geochemistry and geomechanics effects is important for CO2 sequestration modelling. There are a number of published studies on coupled modelling for CO2 storage. However, the majority of the studies has only covered dynamic-geomechanics or dynamic-geochemistry interaction, without considering any direct geomechanics-geochemistry interaction in a reservoir condition. It is crucial to understand the integrated effects when injected CO2 dissolves into formation water and interacts with formation rock. Depending on in-situ conditions, the formation water with dissolved CO2 could weak or strengthen the formation stress due to geochemical reactions of formation minerals. Therefore, coupled modelling is needed to ensure the long-term safetyof CO2containment at a CO2 storage site with the interactions among geomechanical, geochemical and dynamic fluid flow, and especially to understand the slow and not experimentally accessible mineral reactions. In this paper, a high CO2 content gas field in Malaysia with high temperature (~150°C) and high pressure (~350 bar) has been studied using integrated coupled modelling approach. The simulation input parameters are first investigated and collected from literature and laboratory studies. A two-way coupled modelling simulation with the consideration of geochemistry and geomechanics effects is desirable because it allows the updates of reservoir properties back and forth in every time step. Different CO2trapping mechanisms, long term fate analysis, subsidence and heaving analysis, and changes of porosity and permeability are investigated. The time frame of simulation studies consists of CO2 injection period (15 years) and post CO2 injection period (500 years). During the first 15 years of CO2 injection, 95% of injected CO2 is structurally trapped, 4% of CO2is soluted in formation water and 1% is trapped by mineralization. About 0.04m of heaving is observed at the injection area while about 0.05m of subsidence is observed at the production area. In the investigation of long-term CO2fate, it is observed that CO2 gas will be trapped between the lighter hydrocarbon gas layer and aquifer due to density difference.