Study on the Reflection of the IRS in the Presence of Misaligned Incident Angles

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has recently emerged as a cost-effective solution to overcome the deep fading and uncontrollable wireless environment. The anomalous reflection on the IRS has been characterized using the theory of scattering. This paper investigates this anomalous reflection in a more general case where there is a misalignment in incident angles between the IRS’s configuration and the actual field. The obtained results show that the IRS can perform a reflection in this general case. Moreover, the angle range of the actual incident/reflecting field for an acceptable reflection efficiency is narrow enough to ensure the highly directional connection but is large enough for implementing the multiple-antenna applications.