E. Flaounas, Leonardo Aragão, Lisa Bernini, Stavros Dafis, Benjamin Doiteau, H. Flocas, S. Gray, Alexia Karwat, J. Kouroutzoglou, P. Lionello, M. Miglietta, Florian Pantillon, C. Pasquero, Platon Patlakas, M. Picornell, F. Porcù, Matthew D. K. Priestley, M. Reale, M. Roberts, H. Saaroni, Dor Sandler, E. Scoccimarro, M. Sprenger, B. Ziv
{"title":"生成温带气旋路径参考数据集的复合方法:在地中海气旋上的应用","authors":"E. Flaounas, Leonardo Aragão, Lisa Bernini, Stavros Dafis, Benjamin Doiteau, H. Flocas, S. Gray, Alexia Karwat, J. Kouroutzoglou, P. Lionello, M. Miglietta, Florian Pantillon, C. Pasquero, Platon Patlakas, M. Picornell, F. Porcù, Matthew D. K. Priestley, M. Reale, M. Roberts, H. Saaroni, Dor Sandler, E. Scoccimarro, M. Sprenger, B. Ziv","doi":"10.5194/wcd-4-639-2023","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Many cyclone detection and tracking methods (CDTMs) have been developed in\nthe past to study the climatology of extratropical cyclones. However, all\nCDTMs have different approaches in defining and tracking cyclone centers.\nThis naturally leads to cyclone track climatologies with inconsistent physical\ncharacteristics. More than that, it is typical for CDTMs to produce a\nnon-negligible number of tracks of weak atmospheric features, which do not\ncorrespond to large-scale or mesoscale vortices and can differ significantly\nbetween CDTMs. Lack of consensus in CDTM outputs and the inclusion of\nsignificant numbers of uncertain tracks therein have long prohibited the\nproduction of a commonly accepted reference dataset of extratropical cyclone\ntracks. Such a dataset could allow comparable results on the analysis of\nstorm track climatologies and could also contribute to the evaluation and\nimprovement of CDTMs. To cover this gap, we present a new methodological approach that combines\noverlapping tracks from different CDTMs and produces composite tracks that\nconcentrate the agreement of more than one CDTM. In this study we apply this\nmethodology to the outputs of 10 well-established CDTMs which were\noriginally applied to ERA5 reanalysis in the 42-year period of 1979–2020. We\ntested the sensitivity of our results to the spatiotemporal criteria that\nidentify overlapping cyclone tracks, and for benchmarking reasons, we\nproduced five reference datasets of subjectively tracked cyclones. Results\nshow that climatological numbers of composite tracks are substantially lower\nthan the ones of individual CDTMs, while benchmarking scores remain high\n(i.e., counting the number of subjectively tracked cyclones captured by the\ncomposite tracks). Our results show that composite tracks tend to describe\nmore intense and longer-lasting cyclones with more distinguished early,\nmature and decay stages than the cyclone tracks produced by individual\nCDTMs. Ranking the composite tracks according to their confidence level\n(defined by the number of contributing CDTMs), it is shown that the higher\nthe confidence level, the more intense and long-lasting cyclones are\nproduced. Given the advantage of our methodology in producing cyclone tracks\nwith physically meaningful and distinctive life stages, we propose composite\ntracks as reference datasets for climatological research in the\nMediterranean. The Supplement provides the composite\nMediterranean tracks for all confidence levels, and in the conclusion we\ndiscuss their adequate use for scientific research and applications.\n","PeriodicalId":383272,"journal":{"name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"3","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A composite approach to produce reference datasets for extratropical cyclone tracks: application to Mediterranean cyclones\",\"authors\":\"E. Flaounas, Leonardo Aragão, Lisa Bernini, Stavros Dafis, Benjamin Doiteau, H. Flocas, S. Gray, Alexia Karwat, J. Kouroutzoglou, P. Lionello, M. Miglietta, Florian Pantillon, C. Pasquero, Platon Patlakas, M. Picornell, F. Porcù, Matthew D. K. Priestley, M. Reale, M. Roberts, H. Saaroni, Dor Sandler, E. Scoccimarro, M. Sprenger, B. Ziv\",\"doi\":\"10.5194/wcd-4-639-2023\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Abstract. Many cyclone detection and tracking methods (CDTMs) have been developed in\\nthe past to study the climatology of extratropical cyclones. However, all\\nCDTMs have different approaches in defining and tracking cyclone centers.\\nThis naturally leads to cyclone track climatologies with inconsistent physical\\ncharacteristics. More than that, it is typical for CDTMs to produce a\\nnon-negligible number of tracks of weak atmospheric features, which do not\\ncorrespond to large-scale or mesoscale vortices and can differ significantly\\nbetween CDTMs. Lack of consensus in CDTM outputs and the inclusion of\\nsignificant numbers of uncertain tracks therein have long prohibited the\\nproduction of a commonly accepted reference dataset of extratropical cyclone\\ntracks. Such a dataset could allow comparable results on the analysis of\\nstorm track climatologies and could also contribute to the evaluation and\\nimprovement of CDTMs. To cover this gap, we present a new methodological approach that combines\\noverlapping tracks from different CDTMs and produces composite tracks that\\nconcentrate the agreement of more than one CDTM. In this study we apply this\\nmethodology to the outputs of 10 well-established CDTMs which were\\noriginally applied to ERA5 reanalysis in the 42-year period of 1979–2020. We\\ntested the sensitivity of our results to the spatiotemporal criteria that\\nidentify overlapping cyclone tracks, and for benchmarking reasons, we\\nproduced five reference datasets of subjectively tracked cyclones. Results\\nshow that climatological numbers of composite tracks are substantially lower\\nthan the ones of individual CDTMs, while benchmarking scores remain high\\n(i.e., counting the number of subjectively tracked cyclones captured by the\\ncomposite tracks). Our results show that composite tracks tend to describe\\nmore intense and longer-lasting cyclones with more distinguished early,\\nmature and decay stages than the cyclone tracks produced by individual\\nCDTMs. Ranking the composite tracks according to their confidence level\\n(defined by the number of contributing CDTMs), it is shown that the higher\\nthe confidence level, the more intense and long-lasting cyclones are\\nproduced. Given the advantage of our methodology in producing cyclone tracks\\nwith physically meaningful and distinctive life stages, we propose composite\\ntracks as reference datasets for climatological research in the\\nMediterranean. The Supplement provides the composite\\nMediterranean tracks for all confidence levels, and in the conclusion we\\ndiscuss their adequate use for scientific research and applications.\\n\",\"PeriodicalId\":383272,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Weather and Climate Dynamics\",\"volume\":\"19 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-07-21\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"3\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Weather and Climate Dynamics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-639-2023\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-639-2023","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
A composite approach to produce reference datasets for extratropical cyclone tracks: application to Mediterranean cyclones
Abstract. Many cyclone detection and tracking methods (CDTMs) have been developed in
the past to study the climatology of extratropical cyclones. However, all
CDTMs have different approaches in defining and tracking cyclone centers.
This naturally leads to cyclone track climatologies with inconsistent physical
characteristics. More than that, it is typical for CDTMs to produce a
non-negligible number of tracks of weak atmospheric features, which do not
correspond to large-scale or mesoscale vortices and can differ significantly
between CDTMs. Lack of consensus in CDTM outputs and the inclusion of
significant numbers of uncertain tracks therein have long prohibited the
production of a commonly accepted reference dataset of extratropical cyclone
tracks. Such a dataset could allow comparable results on the analysis of
storm track climatologies and could also contribute to the evaluation and
improvement of CDTMs. To cover this gap, we present a new methodological approach that combines
overlapping tracks from different CDTMs and produces composite tracks that
concentrate the agreement of more than one CDTM. In this study we apply this
methodology to the outputs of 10 well-established CDTMs which were
originally applied to ERA5 reanalysis in the 42-year period of 1979–2020. We
tested the sensitivity of our results to the spatiotemporal criteria that
identify overlapping cyclone tracks, and for benchmarking reasons, we
produced five reference datasets of subjectively tracked cyclones. Results
show that climatological numbers of composite tracks are substantially lower
than the ones of individual CDTMs, while benchmarking scores remain high
(i.e., counting the number of subjectively tracked cyclones captured by the
composite tracks). Our results show that composite tracks tend to describe
more intense and longer-lasting cyclones with more distinguished early,
mature and decay stages than the cyclone tracks produced by individual
CDTMs. Ranking the composite tracks according to their confidence level
(defined by the number of contributing CDTMs), it is shown that the higher
the confidence level, the more intense and long-lasting cyclones are
produced. Given the advantage of our methodology in producing cyclone tracks
with physically meaningful and distinctive life stages, we propose composite
tracks as reference datasets for climatological research in the
Mediterranean. The Supplement provides the composite
Mediterranean tracks for all confidence levels, and in the conclusion we
discuss their adequate use for scientific research and applications.