日语中存在人的范畴吗?

V. Alpatov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

众所周知,人称范畴被认为是动词的主要语法范畴之一。欧洲的语言传统从一开始就把这个类别挑出来。一些欧美的日语语法认识到了人称的语法范畴(B.Y. Chamberlain, A. Rose-Inness, T. Navron-Voytinskaya)。然而,礼仪(礼貌)的范畴是因人而异的。日语在说话者和他人(对话者或说话对象)之间有发达的社会态度指定系统。造成这种混淆的原因是欧洲语言的语法系统对研究者的影响。然而,祈使句中存在着第一人称和第二人称形式的对立,这种形式很多:(粗鲁),o-kaki kudasai '写!(礼貌地),kakoo“让我们写吧”。所有人称代词的对抗性虽然在日语中并不常见,但也存在。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
DOES THE CATEGORY OF PERSON EXIST IN JAPANESE?
It is well-known that the category of person is considered one of the main grammatical categories of verb. The European linguistic tradition singled this category out from its beginning. Some European and American grammars of Japanese recognized the grammatical category of person (B.Y. Chamberlain, A. Rose-Inness, T. Navron-Voytinskaya). However the categories of etiquette (politeness) are mixed with person. Japanese has the developed system of the designation of social attitudes between the speaker and other persons (interlocutors or objects of speech). The cause of the confusion is the influence of the grammatical system of the European languages on the investigators. However the opposition of the forms of 1st person and 2nd person exists in the imperative, and such forms are numerous: kake ‘write!’ (rude), o-kaki kudasai ‘write!’ (polite), kakoo ‘let us write’. The opposition of personal pronouns of all the persons exist too although they are not very common in Japanese.
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