人工智能:西方科学内容的神话

A. Dydrov
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Methods for detecting verbal mark- ers and content analysis were used. At the same time, the emphasis was mainly placed not on quan- titative, but on qualitative analytics as well. The basis for the choice of markers was the frequency of their use in abstracts (abstracts), headings (titles) and keywords. The selection of verbal markers was made in accordance with two conditionally desig- nated categories: «trends», or frequency engineering, technical and social and humanitarian terms, expressing the direction of research practic- es and «mythologemes», or elements of a second- ary semiotic system. Scientific novelty of the study. Scientific novelty is due to the specification of the research subject. In the West, the direction of the so-called «Tech- nological mythology», which focuses mainly on the discourses of art and ideological documents is being developed. The analytics of scientific content makes it possible to remove the existing research limitations of the subject and identify prospects for further study of modern mythology. Content analysis made it possible to identify some extreme- ly general formulations of technological mythologe- mes, which can be refined and concretized. Results. Following the results of the study, a de- scription of three metatrends was made — techno- logical, social and anthropological. All key directions within the boundaries of each trend are listed. At the same time, it is argued that the anthropotrend has a relatively smaller share in the discourse of Western social sciences. As a debatable aspect of the study, five scientific mythologemes were iden- tified and conditionally designated. Interpretations and characteristic examples of the functioning of each are offered. Conclusion. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

介绍。人工智能是nbic融合的一个趋势,尤其是信息技术。自20世纪70年代以来,它一直是科学界激烈争论的主题。该主题重要性的一个直接指标是出版动态和索引文章数量的年度增长。据统计,西方社会科学在行业中排名前五。本研究的目的是分析Scopus数据库,并确定社会科学(在人工智能领域)科学话语的关键神话。后者超越了研究规范和标准的界限,表达了非反思性的研究意图。方法。科学文章的参考基础包括十年(2010-2020)期间发表的作品。采用言语标记检测和内容分析的方法。同时,重点主要放在定性分析而不是定量分析上。选择标记的依据是它们在摘要(abstract)、标题(title)和关键词中的使用频率。语言标记的选择是根据两个有条件指定的类别进行的:“趋势”,或频率工程,技术和社会和人道主义术语,表达研究实践的方向,以及“神话”,或第二符号系统的元素。科学新颖的研究。科学的新颖性源于研究课题的规定性。在西方,主要关注艺术话语和意识形态文件的所谓“技术神话”的方向正在发展。通过对科学内容的分析,可以消除该学科现有的研究局限,并为现代神话的进一步研究确定前景。通过对内容的分析,我们可以发现一些技术神话的极端概括的表述,这些表述可以被提炼和具体化。结果。根据研究结果,对技术、社会和人类学三大趋势进行了描述。每个趋势边界内的所有关键方向都被列出。与此同时,有人认为人类倾向在西方社会科学的论述中所占的份额相对较小。作为这项研究的一个有争议的方面,五个科学神话被确定并有条件地指定。给出了每种功能的解释和特征示例。结论。技术趋势是由技术科学和工程发展的数据构成的,具有社会取向。社会趋势是由技术应用领域的范围决定的。对这两种思潮的传播和服务于这两种思潮的话语进行了总结。在话语上,技术趋势的作用是构建一种严格的科学话语,这种话语不是基于抽象的,而是基于具体和精确的命题。特别关注的是“智能化”的话语主流,这是21世纪第二个十年科学内容的特征。重点放在将“智能化”外推到专门实践的人类学风险上。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Artificial intelligence: mythologies of Western scientific content
Introduction. Artificial intelligence is a trend of NBIC-convergence and information technologies in particular. Since the 70s of the 20th century it has been a subject of intense debate in the scientific community. A direct indicator of the importance of the topic is the publication dynamics and the annual increase in the number of indexed articles. According to the statistics, Western social sciences are in the top five industry leaders. The purpose of the study is to analyze the Scopus database and identify the key mythologems of the scientific discourse of social sciences (in the field of artificial intelligence). The latter go beyond the boundaries of research norms and standards and express non-reflective research intentions. Methods. The reference base of scientific arti- cles includes works published during the decade (2010—2020). Methods for detecting verbal mark- ers and content analysis were used. At the same time, the emphasis was mainly placed not on quan- titative, but on qualitative analytics as well. The basis for the choice of markers was the frequency of their use in abstracts (abstracts), headings (titles) and keywords. The selection of verbal markers was made in accordance with two conditionally desig- nated categories: «trends», or frequency engineering, technical and social and humanitarian terms, expressing the direction of research practic- es and «mythologemes», or elements of a second- ary semiotic system. Scientific novelty of the study. Scientific novelty is due to the specification of the research subject. In the West, the direction of the so-called «Tech- nological mythology», which focuses mainly on the discourses of art and ideological documents is being developed. The analytics of scientific content makes it possible to remove the existing research limitations of the subject and identify prospects for further study of modern mythology. Content analysis made it possible to identify some extreme- ly general formulations of technological mythologe- mes, which can be refined and concretized. Results. Following the results of the study, a de- scription of three metatrends was made — techno- logical, social and anthropological. All key directions within the boundaries of each trend are listed. At the same time, it is argued that the anthropotrend has a relatively smaller share in the discourse of Western social sciences. As a debatable aspect of the study, five scientific mythologemes were iden- tified and conditionally designated. Interpretations and characteristic examples of the functioning of each are offered. Conclusion. The technological trend is constituted by the data of technical sciences and engineering developments with a social orientation. Sociotrend is determined by the spectrum of technology application areas. The conclusion is made about the diffusion of two trends and the discourses serving these trends. Discursively, the technotrend serves to construct a strictly scientific discourse based not on abstract, but on specific and precise proposi- tions. Particular attention is paid to the discursive mainstream of «smartization», which is characteris- tic of the scientific content of the second decade of the 21st century. Emphasis is placed on the anthro- pological risks of extrapolating «smartization» to specialized practices.
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