Three Frames for Studying Users in Virtual Environments: Case of Simulated Mobile Machines

Virtual Environment (VE) offers an effective way to study virtual prototypes, also from user-centered perspective. This paper focuses on the theoretical models which can be used in studying VE user, We present three alternatives frames, in which the focus varies. The first one is the traditional frame in VE studies, which is the concept of presence. It focuses on the technological components, which are needed for providing a VE user the feeling of s/he is acting with a real product. The second frame focuses on the work task by using the extended version of activity theory. The third frame focuses on the individual user and her/his behavior and feelings within acting with the (virtual) product. The third frame is based on the studies of user experience (UX) especially those UX studies which focus on users' emotions. We outline the alternative frames by a case of simulating the control cabins of mobile machine.