牛呼吸道疾病复合体(BRDC):肺部病变和降低胴体质量的综述

V. Kurćubić, R. Djokovic, Z. Ilic, Nikola Vasković, M. Petrović
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摘要

牛呼吸系统疾病(BRDC)是全球养牛业最大的健康问题,由于多种原因导致的高患病率和经济后果。巨大的经济损失通常归因于高发病率和死亡率、平均日增重(ADG)和食物利用率的降低、体重减轻、胴体质量下降以及预防和治疗的综合措施。由于压力因素,BRDC通常在饲养场阶段观察到。易感因素分为环境因素(恶劣天气条件、湿度和灰尘不足)、宿主因素(年龄、性别、种族、遗传、免疫状况)和压力管理做法(运输、营养压力、代谢疾病、动物密度高、处理、阉割、去角)。在复杂的发病机制中,除了上述诱发因素外,还涉及许多病毒和细菌因子。大体肺病变最常见于屠宰或尸检时(肉眼可见),是肺炎的结果。它是牛呼吸道合胞病毒(BRSV)、副流感病毒3型(PI3V)、牛疱疹病毒1型(BoHV1)和牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)单独或相互感染的结果,以及常见的细菌病原体溶血性曼海姆病、多杀性巴氏杆菌、嗜病组织菌和微球菌等,大量研究指出对生产性能和胴体特性的有害影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC): A review of lung lesions and reducing of quality of carcasses
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is the biggest health problem of the cattle industry globally due to the high prevalence and economic consequences which arise due to numerous reasons. Huge economic losses are most often attributed to high morbidity and mortality, reduction of Average Daily Gain (ADG) and food utilization, weight loss, lower quality of carcasses and comprehensive measures of prophylaxis and therapy. BRDC commonly observed throughout the feedlot phase due to the stress factors. Predisposing factors divided didactic on environmental (inclement weather conditions, inadequate humidity and dust), host factors (age, sex, race, genetics, immune status) and stressful management practices (transportation, nutritional stress, metabolic disease, high density of animals, handling, castration, dehorning). In complex etiopathogenesis, in addition to the aforementioned predisposing factors, numerous viral and bacterial agents are involved. Gross lung lesions are most commonly observed in cattle slaughter or autopsies (visible to the naked eye) occur as a result of pneumonia. It is the result of an infection by the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenza virus type 3 (PI3V), bovine herpes virus type 1 (BoHV1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) alone or in combination with one another, as well the common bacterial pathogens Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni and Micrococcus spp. Numerous studies have pointed to the detrimental effects on performance and carcass characteristics.
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