保健质量管理:北马其顿共和国保健机构的认证过程

S. Stefanoski, Tanja Stefanoska
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引用次数: 0

摘要

卫生保健质量是一套措施和活动体系,根据医学、牙科和制药科学和实践的现代成就,以及卫生专业人员的知识和技能,增加获得最有利的医疗结果的机会,减少对个人和社区的健康和福祉产生不利影响的风险。提高患者的质量和安全是医疗保健专业人员、医疗保健提供者和医疗保健系统中所有利益相关者日常活动的组成部分。认证是对医疗机构工作质量进行外部评估的最古老和最广泛的独立机制。对卫生保健机构认证的一般理解是,根据在某一卫生保健领域实施卫生保健机构既定工作标准的最佳水平,对卫生保健机构的工作质量进行评估的程序。为了应对这些挑战,已经制定了一些方法、活动、措施和方案来提高卫生保健的质量。在北马其顿共和国,无论是在国营部门还是私营部门,卫生保健的质量都被认为是卫生保健系统最重要的特征之一。持续改进工作质量和患者安全是医疗保健专业人员和医疗保健系统中所有其他员工日常活动的组成部分。在正式方面,北马其顿共和国的认证是强制性的,应医疗机构的要求进行。因此,为此目的设立了一个单独的机构,即北马其顿共和国保健机构质量和认证局。认证过程包括五个特征阶段:1。2.准备医疗机构自我评价3。外部评估人员对机构工作与认证标准的适应性进行的评估。4 .编写最后报告,并决定由卫生保健机构质量和认证机构进行认证。持续评估和监控质量改进计划的执行情况。改善保健的基础是工作质量概念所包含的价值观和保健机构采用的下列日常做法:以病人为本、安全、有效、及时、效率和公平。为了实现和实施每一项原则,必须明确定义客观的、可衡量的和基于证据的标准,以及卫生保健的三个基本方面的指标:结构、过程和结果/结果。这些标准共分为六章,可分为三类:管理标准、患者护理标准和支持服务标准。根据《卫生保健法》,北马其顿共和国卫生保健机构质量和认证局确定卫生保健机构的认证标准,并评估所提供的卫生保健的质量。该机构颁发的证书有效期一定,但不超过5年。截至2022年第三季度,北马其顿共和国共有20家卫生保健机构获得了认证。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
MANAGING QUALITY IN HEALTH CARE: PROCESS OF ACCREDITATION IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS IN REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
The quality of health care is a system of measures and activities that, in accordance with the modern achievements of medical, dental, and pharmaceutical science and practice, as well as the knowledge and skills of health professionals, increase the opportunities for the most favorable outcome of the medical treatment and reducing the risk of adverse effects on the health and well-being of the individual and the community. Improving the quality and safety of patients is an integral part of the daily activities of healthcare professionals, healthcare providers and all stakeholders in the healthcare system. Accreditation is the oldest and most widespread independent mechanism for external evaluation of the quality of work of healthcare institutions. The general understanding of the accreditation of healthcare institutions is defined as a procedure for assessing the quality of the work of a healthcare institution, based on the application of the optimal level of the established standards for work of a healthcare institution in a certain area of health care. In response to these challenges, several approaches, activities, measures, and programs have been developed to improve the quality of health care. In the Republic of North Macedonia, the quality of health care is recognized as one of the most important features of the healthcare system, both in the state sector and in the private sector. Continuous improvement of the quality of work and patient safety are an integral part of the daily activities of healthcare professionals and all other employees in the healthcare system. From a formal aspect, accreditation in the Republic of North Macedonia is mandatory and is performed at the request of a healthcare institution. Therefore, a separate institution has been established for this purpose, namely the Agency for Quality and Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions in the Republic of North Macedonia. The accreditation process includes five characteristic stages: 1. Preparation of the healthcare institution 2. Self-evaluation 3. Evaluation made by external evaluators of the adaptation of the institution work with the accreditation standards 4. Preparation of the final report and the decision for granting accreditation by the Agency for Quality and Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions 5. Continuous evaluation and monitoring of the execution of the quality improvement plan. Improving the health care is based on the values that are embedded in the concept of quality of work and the following adopted daily practice of healthcare institutions: patient orientation, safety, effectiveness, timeliness, efficiency, fairness. To achieve and implement each of the principles, it is necessary clearly to define objective, measurable and evidence-based standards, and indicators for the three basic aspects of health care: structure, process, and outcome/result. The standards, which are clustered in six chapters, may be divided into three categories: management standards, patient care standards and support service standards. According to the Law on Health Care, the Agency for Quality and Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions in the Republic of North Macedonia determines the standards for accreditation of healthcare institutions and evaluates the quality of the provided health care. The agency issues a certificate for a certain period, but not longer than five years. Until and including the third quarter of 2022, in the Republic of North Macedonia, a total of 20 healthcare institutions were accredited.
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