A contraction theory approach to observer-based controller design for glucose regulation in type 1 diabetes

Artificial Pancreas has evolved to be effective in regulating the blood glucose in the safe range of 70–180 mg/dl in type 1 diabetic patients. However, the high intra-patient variability, as well as exogenous meal disturbances, pose serious challenges. Moreover, the unavailability of insulin sensors in Artificial Pancreas adds to the difficulty. In the present work, a subcutaneous model of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is considered for observer-based controller design in the framework of contraction analysis. A variety of realistic multiple-meal scenarios for different virtual TlD patients have been investigated and results are presented.