Impact of Solar Photovoltaic on LFC of Interconnected Power System using I-PD Controller

This article highlights the impact of large Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) system on Load Frequency Control (LFC) in a power system. The paper deals with the LFC of the two-area multisource interconnected power system wherein the first area contain thermal power plant and SPV, the second area contains a geothermal power plant. Small signal mathematical modeling of the thermal and geothermal turbine is discussed. Also, mathematical modelling of the power system (generator and load) and tie-lie is discussed in detail. In this paper, a 2-degree of freedom I-PD (Integral-Proportional Derivative) controller is suggested as secondary controller and performances of I-PD controller are compared with classical controllers like I, PI and PID controllers. Secondary controller gains are optimized by a meta-heuristic Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA). Sensitivity analysis reveals that the SCA optimized I-PD controller is robust enough for the change in the system parameters like Small Load Perturbation (SLP), inertia constant and tie-line loading.