注意任务中干扰物的形式化理论探讨

I. Utochkin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文分析了不同范式下注意力分散对注意任务表现的影响。我演示了干扰因素如何产生负面影响(干扰效应),积极影响(冗余效应)或中性影响(无效效应)。文献中描述的干扰效应是根据其假设的来源进行分类的。并介绍了该理论的一般规律。它包含了基于通信数学理论中的熵和冗余度量的特定干扰效应的正式预测(Shannon, 1948)。单进程和双进程框架被认为是支撑干扰效应的假设机制。为了使有关干扰物效应的实验数据形式化和简单可视化,还引入了干扰物剖面(DPs)。本文以三个经常被引用的实验为例,讨论了DPs的典型形状及其解释。最后,本文引入了层次假设,说明了不同类别的干扰效应之间的水平-方式调制相互关系
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Towards a Formal Theory of a Distractor in Attentional Tasks
The distractive effects on attentional task performance in different paradigms are analyzed in this paper. I demonstrate how distractors may negatively affect (interference effect), positively (redundancy effect) or neutrally (null effect). Distractor effects described in literature are classified in accordance with their hypothetical source. The general rule of the theory is also introduced. It contains the formal prediction of the particular distractor effect, based on entropy and redundancy measures from the mathematical theory of communication (Shannon, 1948). Single- vs dual-process frameworks are considered for hypothetical mechanisms which underpin the distractor effects. Distractor profiles (DPs) are also introduced for the formalization and simple visualization of experimental data concerning the distractor effects. Typical shapes of DPs and their interpretations are discussed with examples from three frequently cited experiments. Finally, the paper introduces hierarchical hypothesis that states the level-fashion modulating interrelations between distractor effects of different classes
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