Applications of MRI Connectomics

Structural and functional brain connectomics are considered a basis for an individual's behavior and cognition. Therefore, deviations from typical connectivity patterns may indicate disease processes, and can potentially serve as disease biomarkers. To date, the direct clinical application of brain connectivity measures for diagnostics or treatment is limited. Nonetheless, the extant literature on fundamental and clinical research applications reveals important advances in our understanding of typical and atypical brain structure and function. In this chapter we discuss the current status of the field regarding: (1) the impact of the connectome on cognitive processes and behavior, (2) the connectome across the lifespan, and (3) clinical research applications of connectomics. In addition, we highlight some limitations of connectomics for research and clinical translation.