生产力精神:日本职场文化与经济话语

Japan in the World Pub Date : 1991-01-23 DOI:10.2307/303204
Christena L. Turner
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引用次数: 1

摘要

日本在当代世界的经济成功一方面引起了相当大的尊重,另一方面也引起了同样大的怀疑,甚至有一定的神秘感。西方对这种令人羡慕的竞争力的解释不可避免地涉及日本文化对日本生产力的潜在影响。特别是,日本人的职业道德、管理风格和日本工人难以捉摸的动机引起了极大的兴趣。不幸的是,在了解日本工人和工作场所方面所做的大量努力的结果是一幅广度和深度都过低的图景。人们倾向于寻求一个简单的答案,而不是去理解日本正在进行的辩论和困境。因为“我们”想要理解“他们”,“他们”对我们来说就变成了一个单一的、统一的群体,有着单一的、统一的思维方式。如果不了解日本工作场所的异质性和日本工人当代意识的困境,就不可能欣赏日本经济的成功或文化在成功中的作用。有趣的是,在日本的工作场所,工作的意义本身往往包含着某种民族或文化观念
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Spirit of Productivity: Workplace Discourse on Culture and Economics in Japan
Japan's economic success in the contemporary world has elicited considerable respect on the one hand and equally great suspicion and even a certain mystique on the other. Western explanations of this enviable competitiveness inevitably address the potential influence of Japanese culture on Japanese productivity. In particular, there is great interest in the Japanese work ethic, management style, and the elusive motivation of the Japanese worker. Unfortunately, the result of much of the effort to understand Japanese workers and workplaces is a picture with too little breadth or depth. The temptation is to seek a simple answer rather than to understand ongoing Japanese debates and dilemmas. Because "we" want to understand "them," "they" become for us a single, unified group with a single, unified way of thinking. It is not possible to appreciate either Japanese economic success or the role of culture in that success without also appreciating the heterogeneity within Japanese workplaces and the dilemmas of contemporary consciousness for Japanese workers. Interestingly enough, the meaning of work in Japanese workplaces themselves very often entails some concept of a national or cultural iden-
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