The (Ir)relevance of Robot Cuteness: An Exploratory Study of Emotionally Durable Robot Design

The recent failure of several much-hyped companion robots raises questions about the ability of robot design to foster long-term engagement and attachment, and the consumer receptiveness to this application of technology. To better understand where the limitations lie in designing robots as companions, we explore the the psychosocial role of 'cute' embodiment in human-robot interaction (HRI), and in particular its capacity encourage meaningful relationships. To do so, we apply the Emotionally Durable Design framework to recently failed companion robots, assessing how elements of the cute robot design could support or discourage sustained emotional investment from a human user. We find that, although the companion robots studied have the potential to meet much of the Emotionally Durable Design framework, the execution of their social and assistive features did not support natural or easy interactions, and that their material embodiment does not allow for unique customisation or growth. More tellingly, we highlight that the usefulness of companion robots in everyday life is, as yet, unclear. We conclude by suggesting a multi-disciplinary, design-led approach to companion robots in order to develop emotionally durable and meaningful relationships in HRI.